艰难的保障:中小学教师工资保障机制的演进分析  

Tough Guarantee: An Analysis of the Evolution of the Salary Guarantee Mechanism for Primary and Secondary School Teachers

作　　者：曾晓东[1] 樊颖杰 ZENG Xiao-dong;FAN Ying-jie(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《教师发展研究》2021年第2期75-82,共8页Teacher Development Research

摘　　要：将中小学教师工资建立在清晰的财政支出制度内,是公共教育体系建立和完善的根本标志。自《中华人民共和国义务教育法》颁布以来,我国教师工资保障机制经历了提高保障水平与下放筹资权阶段(1993—2005年)、公共财政下的教师工资保障与治理乱收费阶段(2006—2014年)、确定基本工资动态调整机制阶段(2015年至今)。制度演进展现了教师工资保障层级不断提高、公共财政属性不断加强,逐步与国家整体财政、人事制度对接和整合的过程。在教师工资制度演进的不同阶段,政府一直采用与当地公务员工资“挂钩”的做法保障教师工资,虽然行政命令特征明显,却也有效保障了公共财政和人事制度逐渐改善所需要的空间。教师工资制度的构成及增长、激励机制不断完善,教师工资制度建设的重点正逐渐从“保障”走向“效率”,从外围走向学校内部。与此同时,地方政府保障层级、教育支出管理的效率等问题仍然值得相关决策者和研究者的关注。It is the fundamental symbol of the establishment and improvement of the public education system to set up primary and secondary school teachers’salary in a clear financial expenditure system.Since the promulgation of the“Compulsory Education Law of the People’s Republic of China”,the teacher salary guarantee mechanism in China has gone through the stages of raising the guarantee level and decentralizing financing rights(1993—2005),implementing the teacher salary guarantee and controlling of arbitrary charges under the public finance(2006—2014),and determining the dynamic salary adjustment mechanism(2015—2021).The evolution of the system shows the continuous improvement of the level of the teacher salary guarantee,the continuous strengthening of the attributes of the public finance,and the gradually connecting and integrating with the national overall financial and personnel system.At different stages of the evolution of the teacher salary system,the government has been adopting the method of“linking”to the salaries of local public servants to guarantee teachers’salaries.Although the characteristics of the administrative order are obvious,it also effectively guarantees the space needed for the gradual improvement of the public finance and personnel system.The composition,growth and incentive mechanism of the teacher salary system are constantly improved.The focus of the construction of the teacher salary system is gradually changing from“guarantee”to“efficiency”,and from the periphery to the inside of the school.At the same time,the guarantee level of the local governments,the efficiency of the education expenditure management and other issues still deserve the attention of relevant policy makers and researchers.

关 键 词：教师工资政策 中小学教师工资 公共教育体系 公共财政 工资保障机制 

分 类 号：G525.1[文化科学—教育学]