环境要素的环境收益、数量测算与受益归宿  

Economic returns of environmental factors:environmental benefit,quantitative estimation and benefits incidence

作　　者：马本[1] 刘侗一 马中[1] MA Ben;LIU Tong-yi;MA Zhong(School of Environmental and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2021年第6期2964-2976,共13页China Environmental Science

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金资助项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)(18XNB018)。

摘　　要：为定量测算环境收益及其受益归宿,理解经济增长与环境保护的复杂耦合关系,匹配了中国工业企业数据库与环境统计数据库,用2011~2013年微观面板数据估计了企业治污成本函数,分介质、分行业加总得到了工业环境收益,采用受约束模型估计了其在企业利润、工资与税收间的分配.结果发现中国年度工业环境收益约9000亿元,是当年GDP和工业增加值的约2%与5%;高耗能行业占了环境收益的近70%.环境收益的最大受益方是企业职工,摄取了总额的约80%,政府是第二大获益方,进入企业利润的份额不足3%;环境收益贡献了企业工资的近25%,高耗能行业该比例达50%.环境要素的使用是增长的重要推动力,而工业的深度污染治理可能带来利益格局的不对称调整,对企业工资和就业产生重要影响,在绿色发展中应建立局部与整体、短期与长期利益的平衡机制.To estimate the environmental benefit and its distribution and understand the complex coupling links between economic growth and environmental protection,this paper estimated the cost models of pollution control process of industrial wastewater and waste gas based on a firm-level panel dataset from 2011 to 2013 by matching the Chinese industrial enterprise database and the environmental statistics database.The total environmental benefits of industries in China were obtained through estimation and aggregation by both sub-industry and pollutant.And then constrained regression model were employed to estimate the distribution of environmental benefits among corporate profits,employee wages and government taxes.We found that the total annual environmental benefits of China’s industry were nearly 900-billion-yuan,accounting for 2%and 5%of corresponding GDP and industrial added value,respectively.About 70%of total environmental benefits were generated by energy-intensive industries.In terms of benefit incidence,residents were proved to be primary beneficiaries who obtain about 80%of the total benefits.The government was the second largest beneficiary,while the share going into industrial profits was less than 3%.Nearly 25%of industrial wages came from environmental benefits and the figure reaches 50%for energy-intensive industries.The findings of this paper indicated that utilization of environmental resources was one of key drivers for economic growth,and more strict environmental regulation in industries might lead to asymmetric adjustment regarding benefit pattern with wage level and employment being the first to be affected.Accordingly,suggestions were proposed to establish interest balancing mechanism to coordinate partial interests with integral interests and short-term interests with long-term interests in the process of pursuing green development in China.

关 键 词：工业企业 环境红利 成本函数 受益归宿 面板数据 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]