核桃青皮及其提取物对黄羽肉仔鸡肠道形态、黏膜抗氧化性能及微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Walnut Green Husk and Its Extract on Intestinal Morphology,Mucosal Antioxidant Activity and Microbial Diversity of Yellow-feather Broilers

作　　者：李文菁 魏凯敏 张少秋 陈勇[1,2] LI Wenjing;WEI Kaimin;ZHANG Shaoqiu;CHEN Yong(College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Herbivore Nutrition Laboratory for Meat and Milk, Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆肉乳用草食动物营养实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2021年第6期2056-2065,共10页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560653)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究添喂核桃青皮及其25%乙醇溶液提取物对黄羽肉仔鸡肠道形态、黏膜抗氧化性能及微生物多样性的影响。选取144只1日龄雄性黄羽肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组12个重复,每个重复4只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%的核桃青皮原粉和核桃青皮提取物,饲养至70日龄。试验结束后从每个重复中随机挑选1只,屠宰后取小肠,分别测定十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度;刮取十二指肠黏膜,测定总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、铜锌型超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SOD)、锰型超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性;取回肠内容物,采用16S rDNA高通量测序技术分析肠道微生物多样性及相对丰度的差异。结果显示,与对照组相比,添加核桃青皮及其提取物对黄羽肉鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度以及绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值均无显著影响(P>0.05);对十二指肠黏膜T-SOD、CuZn-SOD、Mn-SOD、CAT的活性及T-AOC均无显著影响(P>0.05);添加核桃青皮及其提取物后,回肠微生物物种数显著提高(P=0.05),微生物多样性指数和物种丰富度指数明显增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。对照组黄羽肉仔鸡回肠菌群在门水平上主要是厚壁菌门,超过总细菌的99%。添加核桃青皮粉及其提取物使厚壁菌门丰度明显下降,而拟杆菌门的丰度明显增加,但均差异不显著(P>0.05)。乳杆菌属是对照组黄羽肉仔鸡回肠菌群最主要的属,平均占71%。添加核桃青皮及其提取物后,肠道中的乳杆菌属的相对丰度有所下降(P>0.05),对照组黄羽肉仔鸡回肠中以鸟乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、敏捷乳杆菌、果囊乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌为主要的已知菌种,添加核桃青皮原粉及其提取物后鸟乳杆菌的丰度显著增加(P<0.05),添加核桃青皮提取物后敏捷乳杆菌的丰度显著�The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of walnut green husk and its extract extracted with 25%ethanol on intestinal morphology,mucosal antioxidant activity and microbial diversity of Yellow-feather broilers.1441-day-old male Yellow-feather broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 12 replicates in each group and 4 chickens in each replicate.The control group was fed with basic diet,and the experimental groupsⅠandⅡwere fed the basic diet with 1%walnut green husk powder or the extract until 70 days old.At the end of the experiment,one chicken was randomly selected and sacrificed from each replicate,small intestine was taken,and villi height and crypt depth of duodenum,jejunum and ileum were measured.The activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),copper zinc superoxide dismutase(CuZn-SOD),manganese superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),catalase(CAT)and glutathione reductase(GR)in duodenal mucosa were measured.All ileal contents of each chicken were collected and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the differences of intestinal microbial diversity and relative abundance.The results showed that,compared with the control group,adding walnut green husk and its extract had no significant effect on villus height,crypt depth and villus height/crypt depth ratio of duodenum,jejunum and ileum(P>0.05).The activities of T-SOD,CuZn-SOD,Mn-SOD,CAT and T-AOC of duodenal mucosa were not significantly affected(P>0.05).After adding walnut green husk and its extract,the number of observed microbial species in ileum increased significantly(P=0.05),the index of microbial diversity and species richness somewhat increased(P>0.05).Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in ileum of broiler in control group,more than 99%of the total bacteria.The addition of walnut green husk and its extract somewhat decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes,and increased that of Bacteroidetes,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05).Lactobacillus,the dominant genu

关 键 词：核桃青皮 黄羽肉仔鸡 肠道形态结构 微生物多样性 16S rDNA高通量测序 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]