神话的真实发生与婚姻制度的道教反抗  

The Real Occurring of Myth and the Taoist Resistance of Marriage System

作　　者：伊涛[1] YI Tao

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学法学院,山东济南253000

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2021年第4期138-150,共13页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

摘　　要：通过考察四大民间神话(梁祝、牛郎织女、白蛇传、孟姜女哭长城)可以发现,它们的某些情节本身未必真实,囊括在寓意中的事情却可以真实发生,即传统社会的婚姻缔结需要遵循礼教制度。即便排除了父母之命,其实仍旧未必能够确保圆满,难免还需要获致诸多条件的共同支持,甚至要面对来自家外的干扰和男女双方的形象设定。道教意旨潜含在故事中,借力于人们对不美好的反抗,获得了经久不息的生命力,而且与儒家和法家展开了对垒,促使神话成为了三方相互制衡的演练场,但它们的流传并没有滋生出可以用来重塑婚姻秩序的崭新规范,反倒让儒家的某些论断获得了本意的还原。古今社会转型中固然曾出现戏改运动,以就地取材的姿态,助推着婚姻家庭生活发生演变,但当代的婚姻缔结依然未必只是关涉结婚,还会关涉上事下继的各种事务。儒家就此恰恰提供了可以在任何地点和时间反复使用乃至一再重构的理念范型,透视着儒家思想原本就具有的史学品格。当代法律更是确立了全新的婚姻制度,神话故事和道教却不会失去寓意释放的空间,甚至依旧保持着对社会实际的映现,而子女的婚姻自主权毕竟通常只是居于留待备用的"备胎"位置,神话和道教是否会释放寓意终将取决于儒家式婚姻缔结能否与婚姻自主权兼容。Through the investigation of four folk myths,we can find that all of their plots may not be true,but the things included in the implied meaning can actually happen,that is,the marriage in the traditional society needs to follow the Li-ritual system.Even if the arrangement of parents is excluded,it may not be able to ensure perfection:not only the conjunct support of many conditions may be necessarily needed,but also there even is possibility that the newlyweds have to face the interference from outside of the home and the image setting of both men and women.Taoism is latently contained in myths,by doing so it could not only obtain an unending vitality through using the power of people’s thirst for revolt against bitter reality,but also fight against Confucianism and Legalism,which means myths became a rehearsal ground for tripartite checks and balances.However,the prevalence of myths did not breed brand new regulation by means of which people can remold marital order.On the opposite,it exactly confirmed some thesis included in Confucianism.Despite the appearance of the Chinese Opera Reform Movement in the transformation of ancient and modern societies,which boost the evolution of the attitudes towards Marriage and Family Life in all sectors of society,bonds of marriage in modern life still are not only just matters of two people getting together,but also concerned with bunch of affairs to descend.Confucianism provides exactly an idea paradigm which can be repeatedly used regardless of the difference of regions and times,which demonstrates the inherent historical quality of Confucianism.A new institution of marriage is established by contemporary law,however,as long as the lifestyle patterns of ancient and modern people are not widely different,there will still be room for Taoism and myths to militate implicitly or even to mirror the reality.Actually,It can be highly likely true since the marital autonomy of children is commonly on the wait list after all.

关 键 词：神话 道教 儒家 法家 婚姻自主权 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]