椎间盘退变动物模型的研究进展  

Research progress of animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration

作　　者：柴强达 逸峰 王文磊 高一丹 黄智 祝勇[2] Chai Qiang;Da Yifeng;Wang Wenlei;Gao Yidan;Huang Zhi;Zhu Yong(Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohht 010030,China;Department of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010030,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学,呼和浩特010030 [2]内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院胸腰脊柱外科,呼和浩特010030

出　　处：《中华骨科杂志》2021年第12期800-807,共8页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82060404)。

摘　　要：椎间盘退行性变(intervertbal disc degeneration,IDD)是指在多种因素作用下椎间盘组织发生生物力学和组织结构改变,使纤维环破裂,髓核组织突出,压迫脊髓和神经根,进而引起患者腰腿痛的疾病。椎间盘退变是临床上的常见病和多发病,严重影响患者劳动能力和日常生活。由于生活习惯和方式的改变,近年来椎间盘退变发病人群也逐渐倾向年轻化。椎间盘退变的病因、发病机制及诊疗方法一直是脊柱外科研究的热点话题。构建一种贴近于人体的椎间盘退变动物模型,对探究椎间盘退变的病因、病理机制以及非手术治疗方法有重要的临床意义。目前对椎间盘退变模型的建立主要包括两大方面:体外模型和体内模型。体外模型主要有两种:体外细胞培养和组织器官培养;而体内模型研究的较多,主要有七种两大类:自发性和诱发性两种模型。其中自发性退变模型又称增龄性退变,而诱发性模型是指通过损伤动物的椎间盘结构、改变椎体生物力学结构、手术导致脊柱失稳或构建神经根压迫以及基因敲除等方法构建椎间盘退变动物模型。虽然动物造模的制作方法及文献报道不少,但每种方法均有其各自的优缺点,在选择造模方法时要权衡利弊。目前仍没有一种公认的、全面的模拟人类椎间盘退变的动物模型。Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)refers to the biomechanical and structural changes of intervertebral disc tissues due to the effects of a variety of factors.Theses physical or chemical factors lead to the rupture of the annulus fibrous,protrusion of the nucleus pulposus tissue,compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots and causing the patient's back and leg pain ultimately.Degeneration of intervertebral disc is a common condition in clinical practice,which affects working ability and daily living quality of patients seriously.Due to the change of living habits,the population with IDD tend to be younger recently.The etiology,pathogenesis and diagnosis and interventions of IDD have always been hot topics in spinal surgery.Thus,animal models of IDD close to the human body has a of great clinical significance for exploring the etiology,pathological mechanism and non-surgical treatment of IDD.At present,the establishment of IDD model mainly includes two following aspects,in vitro model and in vivo model.There are two main in vitro models,cell culture and tissue or organ culture.There are seven kinds of in vivo models,which can be divided into two categories,namely spontaneous and induced model.Among them,the spontaneous degeneration model is also regarded as age-related degeneration,while the induced model refers to the construction of the animal model of IDD by injuring the structure of the intervertebral disc,changing the biomechanical structure of the vertebral body,development spinal instability caused by surgery or constructing nerve root compression and gene knockout.Although there are many methods of animal modeling and literature reports,each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.The advantages and disadvantages should be weighed when choosing the animal models.

关 键 词：体外模型 椎间盘退变 神经根压迫 脊柱外科 发病人群 动物模型 体外细胞培养 诱发性 

分 类 号：R681.53[医药卫生—骨科学] R-332[医药卫生—外科学]