克氏原螯虾用芽孢杆菌的特性及其安全性评价  

Characteristics and Safety Evaluation of Bacillus for Procambarus clarkia

作　　者：唐庆权 陶敏慧 徐婷婷 许晓牧 叶新新 刘少君 鲍传和[1] 朱若林[1] 刘荣[3] 张俊 彭开松[1] Tang Qingquan;Tao Minhui;Xu Tingting;Xu Xiaomu;Ye Xinxin;Liu Shaojun;Bao Chuanhe;Zhu Ruolin;Liu Rong;Zhang Jun;Peng Kaisong(Laboratory of Aquatic Health and Public Health,School of Animal Science and Technology,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,230036;Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention and Control,School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,230036;Anhui Liuguo Chemical Company Limited,Tongling,244000)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学动物科技学院,水生健康与公共卫生实验室,合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,合肥230036 [3]安徽六国化工股份有限公司,铜陵244000

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2021年第1期244-251,共8页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：安徽省现代农业产业技术体系(皖农科[2016]84号);安徽六国化工股份有限公司委托项目(稻虾综合种养体系专用肥研制与应用)共同资助。

摘　　要：为评估克氏原螯虾用产芽孢益生菌的特性和安全,本研究从市售益生菌产品中分离到19株芽孢杆菌属成员。通过测定抗菌活性、产纤维素酶活性、温度对生长影响来评价其益生菌的特性;通过测定芽孢对高温、低p H、胆汁酸盐的耐受、自聚集性和表面疏水性等评价其稳定性;通过溶血活性、抗生素敏感性、小鼠攻毒试验、克氏原螯虾饲养试验等评价其安全性。以抗菌和产纤维素酶活性、低温(15℃)生长快和无溶血活性这四项指标为标准进行筛选,结果表明:只有3株芽孢杆菌(B8, B20, B27)可成为益生菌候选株。在15℃低温时生长迅速、抗菌和产纤维素酶活性高的2株解淀粉芽孢杆菌(B14和B40)有溶血活性,能引起克氏原螯虾的肠炎,并导致肠道菌群中气单胞菌丰度显著上升。因此,在克氏原螯虾用芽孢杆菌益生菌的选择中,不仅要关注益生功能,更要考虑其安全性。本研究结果为芽孢杆菌在动物保护产品中科学评价和合理使用提供参考。In order to evaluate the characteristics and safety of probiotics which can form spores for Procambarus clarkia, 19 strains of Bacillus were isolated from market probiotic products in this study. Its prebiotic characteristics were evaluated by measuring its antibacterial activity, cellulase production activity and the effect of temperature on its growth. The stability of the spores was evaluated by measuring the resistance to high temperature, low pH, bile acid salt, self-aggregation and surface hydrophobicity, etc.;the hemolytic activity, antibiotic sensitivity, mouse challenge test, protozoan crawfish feeding test evaluate its safety. Screening based on the four indicators of antibacterial and cellulase-producing low temperature(15 ℃) fast growth and no hemolytic activity,the results showed that only 3 strains of Bacillus(B8, B20, B27) can become probiotics candidate strain. Two strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(B14 and B40) grow rapidly at low temperatures of 15 ℃ and have high antibacterial properties, cellulase activity, hemolytic activity, which could cause colitis of crayfish and significantly increase the abundance of Aeromonas in intestinal flora. Therefore, in the selection of probiotics of Bacillus for Procambarus clarkia, we should not only pay attention to the probiotic function, but also consider its safety. This study provides a reference for the scientific evaluation and rational use of Bacillus in animal protection products.

关 键 词：芽孢杆菌 克氏原螯虾 气单胞菌 

分 类 号：S966.12[农业科学—水产养殖]