小镇青年的生平情境与创业观念——兼论新兴市场何以可能  

Youth in Small Towns:Biographical Situation and Entrepreneurship--Also on Why Emerging Markets Are Possible

作　　者：门豪 MEN Hao

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院

出　　处：《经济论坛》2021年第6期72-87,共16页Economic Forum

摘　　要：伴随着国家改革浪潮的迅猛推进,小镇青年通过进城务工、求学等方式,嫁接起了城乡之间的宽阔桥梁,发现了蓬勃的市场机遇。"父母在、不远游,游必有方",穿梭于城乡二元结构之间,小镇青年乘风破浪,找到了立足于社会的根本,兼顾传统家庭伦理与现代经济生活,消弭了城乡市场的分割状态与信息不对称,为农村市场发展汲取外部能量,为城市经济多角化提供营养。作为行走着的"结构洞",他们颇具本土企业家精神,利用两种市场固有的梯度及蕴藏着的双边机遇,进行着富有社会关怀的创业探索,在一次次风险承担中推动了城乡共变。在宏观结构上,这根植于不断壮大的需求增量;在个体行动方面,这是小镇青年多元化的生平经历带来的结果。小镇青年在城求得生存与发展之道,返乡亦饱含"意义",即意在建设美好而多向度的丰富生活,这是朴实的内心信仰,是改变家乡面貌的个体精神力量。在市场结构理论中,企业家精神及其缘起均未被纳入考察范畴,对小镇青年创业的观照,恰是对仅关注"结构限定"而不论"个体能动"的一种合理化补足,同样是对新兴市场何以可能的一种社会学解释。Although youth in small towns grow up in the countryside,they are longing for city neon.With the rapid advancement of the national reform wave,they have put up a wide bridge between urban and rural areas by entering cities to work and study,and found thriving market opportunities.Following the Chinese old saying of"Not traveling far from Parents,well-planned traveling when necessary",they travel between the urban-rural dual structure,and riding the wind and waves,find a foundation for having a foothold in society,which take into account both traditional family ethics and modern economic life,eliminates the segmentation and information asymmetry between urban and rural markets,absorbs external energy for development of the rural market and provides nutrition for diversification of the urban economy.As walking"structural holes",they have strong spirit of local entrepreneurship,carry out socially caring entrepreneurial exploration by using the inherent gradient of the two markets and the hidden bilateral opportunities,and promote urban-rural co-change in risk-taking on many occasions.In the macro structure,this is rooted in the growing increment of demand;in terms of individual actions,this is the result of the diverse life experience of the youth of small towns.Youth of small towns seek ways of survival and development in the city,and after returning to their hometowns,also are full of"meaning",which means building a beautiful and multi-dimensional rich life—a simple inner belief and an individual spiritual force that changes appearances of their hometown.In the theory of market structure,neither of entrepreneurship and its origin is included in the scope of investigation,and the observation of entrepreneurship of youth in small towns is just a rational supplement for only focusing on"structural limitation"regardless of"individual initiative"and also a sociological explanation of why emerging markets are possible.

关 键 词：市场结构 企业家精神 知识发现 生活世界 创新创业 

分 类 号：F279.2[经济管理—企业管理]