金沙江下游向家坝水库不同出库流量对四大家鱼生境面积影响的定量分析  

Effect of Different Release from Xiangjiaba Reservoir in the Lower Reaches of Jinsha River on Habitat Area of Four Major Chinese Carps

作　　者：戴凌全[1,2] 王煜 戴会超[2] 刘海波 郭家力[1] 汤正阳[3] 蔡卓森[1] DAI Lingquan;WANG Yu;DAI Huichao;LIU Haibo;GUO Jiali;TANG Zhengyang;CAI Zhuosen(College of Hydraulic&Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;China Three Gorges Corporation,Beijing 100038,China;Three Gorges Cascade Dispatching&Communication Center,China Yangtze Power Corporation,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,北京100038 [3]中国长江电力股份有限公司三峡梯级调度通信中心,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2021年第7期1710-1718,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室开放基金项目(No.IWHR-SKL-KF202010);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(No.51809150);中国博士后基金特别资助(No.2019T120119)。

摘　　要：金沙江下游河道是珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区,适宜的流量是鱼类产卵繁殖的必要条件之一.为量化金沙江下游四大家鱼产卵繁殖所需的适宜生态流量,以向家坝水电站坝址至宜宾水文站(宜宾江段)为研究区域,以四大家鱼产卵期栖息地对水动力的需求作为主要生态因子,通过2012—2019年四大家鱼生境水动力实测资料建立其水动力适宜性曲线,构建基于非结构化不规则三角形网格的宜宾江段平面二维水动力模型,实现了家鱼栖息地水动力分布特征的精细模拟,采用物理栖息地模型(PHABSIM)对影响四大家鱼产卵的主要水动力条件(流速及水深)的需求进行分析,量化水库不同出库流量条件下对应的四大家鱼的栖息地加权可利用面积(WUA),建立了流量与栖息地加权可利用面积关系曲线,定量分析水库不同出库流量对四大家鱼产卵栖息地加权可利用面积的影响,据此进行适宜生态流量的选择.结果表明:金沙江下游宜宾江段四大家鱼产卵繁殖期的适宜流速为0.6~1.3 m/s,最佳流速为0.9~1.0 m/s,适宜水深为3.0~18.0 m,最佳水深为9.0~12.0 m;栖息地加权可利用面积随着水库出库流量的增加呈先增大再缓慢减小的趋势,当水库出库流量为3000 m^(3)/s时栖息地加权可利用面积达到最大,占研究河段总面积的24.26%,由此推定四大家鱼适宜生态流量为2000~4500 m^(3)/s,最佳生态流量为3000 m^(3)/s.研究显示,通过控制向家坝水库适宜出库流量,可有效保证宜宾江段四大家鱼栖息地面积,为通过金沙江下游梯级水库的生态调度、改善四大家鱼产卵场水动力条件提供了依据.The lower reaches of the Jinsha River is a national nature reserve for rare and endemic fishes,and an appropriate ecological flow is one of the necessary conditions for fish spawning and reproduction.In order to quantify the appropriate ecological flow required for spawning and reproduction of the four major Chinese carps,the Xiangjiaba Dam to the Yibin hydrologic station in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River was taken as a study area,the hydrodynamic requirements(velocity and water depth)of the habitat during the spawning period of the four major Chinese carps were taken as the main ecological factors,and the hydrodynamic suitability curve of the four major Chinese carps was established based on the measured data from 2012 to 2019.We also established a depth-averaged two dimensional hydrodynamic model based on unstructured irregular triangular grid to realize the hydrodynamic distribution characteristics of the fish habitat.The physical habitat simulation model(PHABSIM)was used to analyze the main hydrodynamic conditions(velocity and water depth)that affect the spawning of the four major Chinese carps,and quantify the weighted usable area(WUA)of the four major Chinese carps under different release from the Xiangjiaba Reservoir.Using the relationship curve between release and the WUA of habitat was obtained,the influence of different release from the reservoir on the WUA was discussed,and the appropriate ecological flow was selected accordingly.The results showed that the appropriate velocity during the spawning and reproduction period of the four major Chinese carps was 0.6-1.3 m/s,the most appropriate flow velocity was 0.9-1.0 m/s,and the appropriate water depth was 3.0-18.0 m,the most appropriate water depth was 9.0-12.0 m.The WUA of the habitats increased first and then slowly decreased with the increasing of discharge.When the release from the reservoir is 3000 m^(3)/s,the WUA was the largest,accounting for 24.26%of the study area.So the appropriate ecological flow range was 2000-4500 m^(3)/s,and the most

关 键 词：金沙江下游 四大家鱼 物理栖息地模型 加权可利用面积 生态流量 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]