全球视野下的明代北京鼎建  

The Construction of Beijing in the Ming Dynasty from a Global Perspective

作　　者：万明[1] WAN Ming(Institute for Chinese Ancient History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院中国古代史所,北京100101

出　　处：《史学集刊》2021年第4期29-40,共12页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：明代北京鼎建,北京成为国家首都,南京作为陪都,这是明朝国家治理的一次重大决策,也是对中国古代国家治理体系的一次重大传承与调整。在中国古代建都史上,秦汉大一统王朝奠都长安,自隋至唐末,长安成为统一中国的首都达322年;继元朝之后,自明永乐至清末,北京成为统一中国的首都达490年。全国大一统格局是中国历史区别于西方历史的主要特征。中国都城独树一帜,在全球凸显了不同于其他文明的中华文明。本文以“内”与“外”为观察点,考察明永乐帝鼎建北京,及其如何谋划南北大一统对全国实行有效治理,又如何以北京作为丝绸之路的新起点与交汇点,重构丝路辉煌。这些探讨有助于我们对整体明史和全球视野下中外关系史的深入探讨与研究。With the construction of Beijing in the Ming Dynasty,it became the national capital and Nanjing became the secondary capital,which was a major decision of national governance in the Ming Dynasty,and also a major inheritance and adjustment of the ancient Chinese national governance system.In the history of ancient Chinese capital founding,the Qin and Han Dynasties established Chang'an(长安)as the capital.From Sui Dynasty to the end of Tang Dynasty,Chang an had been the capital of unified China for 322 years.After the Yuan Dynasty,Beijing served as the capital of unified China for 490 years,from the period of emperor Yongle(永乐)of the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty.The pattern of national unity is the main characteristic that distinguishes Chinese history from that of the western countries,which highlights the Chinese civilization that is different from other civilizations.This paper explores the construction of Beijing by emperor Yongle from the perspective of“inside”and“outside”to discuss how he planned the unification of the north and the south to govern the whole country effectively,and how he took Beijing as the new starting point and meeting point of the Silk Road to reconstruct its splendor.It is conductive to explore the history of Sino-foreign relations from the overall Ming history and the global perspective.

关 键 词：北京 南京 长安 全球视野 永乐帝 中华文明 丝绸之路 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]