运动电荷的电/磁场高斯定理的直接验证  

DIRECT VERIFICATION OF GAUSS THEOREM OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD OF MOVING CHARGE

作　　者：周国全[1] 祁宁[1] ZHOU Guoquan;QI Ning(School of Physics and Technology,Wuhan University,Hubei,Wuhan 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学物理科学与技术学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《物理与工程》2021年第2期16-19,共4页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：中央高校教育教学改革专向项目武汉大学“351人才计划”教学岗位项目。

摘　　要：尽管麦氏方程组的张量协变形式已然揭示了高斯定理的相对论协变性,但在大学物理的教学中仍然缺乏对运动电荷的高斯定理的切身体会与直接验证。本文首先运用电磁场张量变换的方法推导出运动电荷的电场与磁场强度,再运用积分及矢量运算的若干技巧,直接而简单地验证了高斯定理对于运动电荷的电场与磁场仍然满足,从而直接验证了电场与磁场的高斯定理对于不同惯性系的相对论协变性。Although the covariant-tensor expression of Maxwell equations already embodies the relativistic covariance of Gauss theorem.However,there is still a lack of experience and direct verification of Gauss theorem in college physics teaching.In this paper,the electric field strength and magnetic field strength of a moving charge are derived by using the method of electromagnetic field tensor transformation.Then Gauss theorem about the electromagnetic field of a moving point charge is simply verified by using of some mathematical techniques about integration and vector operation.Thus,the relativistic covariance of Gauss theorem of electric field and magnetic field for different inertial systems is directly verified.

关 键 词：运动电荷 高斯定理 电场 磁场 电场强度 磁感应强度 相对论协变性 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] O441-4[文化科学—教育学]