智能制造、劳动替代与无集体挤出——“机器换人”对工人就业影响的社会学研究  

Intelligent Manufacturing,Labor Substitution and No Collective Crowding-out——A Sociological Study of the Impact of"Machine Substitution"on Workers’Employment

作　　者：汪华[1] 詹绍康 WANG Hua;ZHAN Shao-kang(School of Social and Public Administration,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学社会与公共管理学院,上海200237

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第4期85-94,共10页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BSH144)。

摘　　要：中国沿海地区近年大力推进自动化机器的应用,在产生岗位替代效应的同时,为什么没有出现显著的失业问题?对长三角和珠三角制造业企业的田野调查表明,技术进步确实会造成一定程度的岗位替代效应,但岗位替代并不必然意味着劳动者立即被抛向劳动力市场。在工人被岗位替代之后、在被抛向外部劳动力市场之前,事实上中间还有一个过渡地带——内部劳动力市场。正是这一内部劳动力市场的缓冲效应,使得"机器换人"虽然产生了显著的岗位替代效应,但并未产生显著的把劳动者挤出企业用工体系而抛向外部劳动力市场的问题。China’s coastal areas have vigorously promoted the application of automated machines in recent years.With generating the job substitution effect,why did not there appear significant unemployment problems in China?Based on a field survey of manufacturing enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta,this paper argues that technological progress does cause a certain degree of job substitution;however,job substitution does not necessarily mean that workers are immediately thrown into the labor market.After workers are replaced by machines and before they are thrown into the external labor market,there is a transition zone in the middle—the internal labor market.It is the buffering effect of the internal labor market that although"machine substitution"has produced a significant job substitution effect,it has not caused a significant problem of crowding workers out of the enterprise’s employment system and throwing them into the external labor market.

关 键 词：智能制造 “机器换人” 岗位替代 内部劳动力市场 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]