Democratization of ecosystem services--a radical approach for assessing nature's benefits in the face of urbanization  

作　　者：Melissa R.McHale Scott M.Beck Steward T.A.Pickett Daniel L.Childers Mary L.Cadenasso Louie Rivers III Louise Swemmer Liesel Ebersohn Wayne Twine David N Bunn 

机构地区：[1]Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability,Colorado State University,Fort Collins,CO,USA [2]School of Animal,Plant,and Environmental Sciences,University of the Witwatersr and,Johannesburg,South Africa [3]Natural Resource Ecology Lab,Colorado State University,Fort Collins,CO,USA [4]Wits City Institute,University of the Witwatersrand,Johannesburg,South Africa [5]Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies,Millbrook,NY,USA [6]School of Sustainability,Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ,USA [7]Department of Plant Sciences,University of California,Davis,CA,USA [8]Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources,North Carolina State University,Raleigh,NC,USA [9]South African National Parks,Kruger National Park,Phalaborwa,South Africa [10]Centre for the Study of Resilience,University of Pretoria,Pretoria,South Africa [11]Geography&Environmental Management&Energy Studies,University of Johannesburg

出　　处：《Ecosystem Health and Sustainability》2018年第5期2-18,共17页生态系统健康与可持续性（英文）

基　　金：STAP and DLC are each grateful for a Fulbright Specialist Grant(6330:20905,20822);for hospitality shown by DNB and the faculty and staff of the University of the Witwatersrand's Rural Facility.This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.RCN 1140070.

摘　　要：Objectives:(1)To evaluate how ecosystem services may be utilized to either reinforce or fracture the planning and development practices that emerged from segregation and eco-nomic exclusion;(2)To survey the current state of ecosystem service assessments and synthesize a growing number of recommendations from the literature for renovating ecosys-tem service analyses.Methods:Utilizing current maps of ecosystem service distribution in Bushbuckridge Local Municipality,South Africa,we considered how a democratized process of assessing ecosys-tem services will produce a more nuanced representation of diverse values in society and capture heterogeneity in ecosystem structure and function.Results:We propose interventions for assessing ecosystem services that are inclusive of a broad range of stakeholders'values and result in actual quantification of social and ecological processes.We demonstrate how to operationalize a pluralistic framework for ecosystem service assessments.Conclusion:A democratized approach to ecosystem service assessments is a reimagined path to rescuing a poorly implemented concept and designing and managing future social-ecological systems that benefit people and support ecosystem integrity.It is the responsi-bility of scientists who do ecosystem services research to embrace more complex,pluralistic frameworks so that sound and inclusive scientific information is utilized in decision-making.

关 键 词：Ecosystem services social-ecological systems HETEROGENEITY landcover pluralistic deliberative 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]