北京市社区高龄老年人抑郁现状调查及影响因素分析  

Depressive symptoms and its influencing factors among the elderly in Beijing community

作　　者：靳翠玲[1] 王亚峰[2] 马瑞英[3] Jin Cuiling;Wang Yafeng;Ma Ruiying(Department of Nursing,Beijing Puren Hospital,Beijing 100062,China;Community Department,Beijing Puren Hospital,Beijing 100062,China;School of Nursing,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市普仁医院护理部,100062 [2]北京市普仁医院社区科,100062 [3]首都医科大学护理学院,北京100069

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2021年第17期2297-2302,共6页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的调查北京市社区高龄老年人的抑郁现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2020年10—12月对某养老驿站管辖的北京市东城区7个街道符合纳入排除标准的224名社区高龄(≥80岁)老年人进行横断面调查。采用一般人口学资料表、孤独感量表简版、抑郁症筛查量表(PHQ-9)、6项生活质量问卷、社会支持评定量表和日常生活活动能力测评表采集信息。采用方差分析和χ2检验分析不同特征高龄老年人抑郁程度的差异,采用多重线性回归法分析PHQ-9得分的影响因素。结果共有132名高龄老年人检出抑郁情绪(PHQ-9≥5分),检出率为58.9%(132/224),其中轻度抑郁、中度抑郁、中重度抑郁和重度抑郁的人数分别为63(28.1%)、34(15.2%)、18(8.0%)、17(7.6%)名。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、婚姻状态、居住情况、近2年有受打击事情发生、自理能力、孤独情绪、生活质量、社会支持情况的高龄老年人抑郁程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、孤独情绪、生活质量、社会支持情况是社区高龄老年人PHQ-9得分的影响因素(调整R2=0.604,P<0.01)。结论北京市80岁及以上老年人抑郁检出率较高,年龄、孤独情绪、生活质量、社会支持情况与社区高龄老年人的抑郁症有关。Objective To investigate the status of depressive symptoms of the elderly in Beijing community,and to explore its influencing factors.Methods From October to December 2020,a crosssectional survey was conducted among 224 senior citizens(aged 80 years old and over)who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 7 streets of Dongcheng District of Beijing by convenience sampling method.General demographic data sheet,the 6-item short form of University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale,Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),Quality of Life Questionnaire-6,Social Support Questionnaire and Activities of Daily Lives data sheet were used to collect information.Analysis of variance and statistical analysis were usedχ2 test was used to analyze the difference of depression degree among the elderly with different characteristics,and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of PHQ-9 score.Results A total of 132 people were detected depression symptoms(PHQ-9≥5 points),the detection rate was 58.9%(132/224).Among them,63(28.1%),34(15.2%),18(8.0%)and 17(7.6%)had mild,moderate,moderate and severe depression,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that the differences of depression degree of the elderly with different ages,marital status,living conditions,the occurrence of the hit events in recent two years,self-care ability,loneliness,quality of life and social support were statistically significant(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,loneliness,quality of life and social support were the influencing factors of the scores of PHQ-9(ajusted R2=0.604,P<0.01).Conclusions The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms is high in the elderly aged 80 and above living in Beijing community.Age,loneliness,quality of life and social support are associated with depression of the elderly in the community.

关 键 词：老年人 高龄 抑郁 社区 影响因素 

分 类 号：R749.4[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]