毛竹工艺纤维高温饱和蒸汽-机械分离及其物理力学特性  

Physical and mechanical properties of bamboo fibers extracted by high-temperature saturated steam and mechanical treatment

作　　者：王新洲 袁朱润 黄雅茜 李延军 李永成 许斌 WANG Xinzhou;YUAN Zhurun;HUANG Yaqian;LI Yanjun;LI Yongcheng;XU Bin(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Dareglobal Technologies Group CO.LTD.,Danyang 212300,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京210037 [2]大亚科技股份有限公司,丹阳212300

出　　处：《复合材料学报》2021年第6期1905-1913,共9页Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901374);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20180774);“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0600801)。

摘　　要：采用高温饱和蒸汽对高含水率新鲜毛竹竹材进行热处理,再通过辊轧制备竹材工艺纤维(由多根纤维组成),并运用光学显微、纳米压痕(NI)等分析技术研究了提取的工艺纤维的微观结构、化学组分、力学性能及吸湿特性。研究结果表明:高温饱和蒸汽处理可使细胞壁中半纤维发生降解,薄壁细胞由于壁薄更易受到破坏,在机械外力下薄壁细胞和维管束成功分离。纤维细胞壁中无定形物质的降解,木质素相对含量的增加及纤维素相对结晶度(CrI)的提高,改善了竹材工艺纤维的吸湿性能和细胞壁力学性能。经过饱和蒸汽处理后,纤维细胞壁的弹性模量(Er)和硬度分别增加了14.7%~29.4%和14.9%~38.5%。饱和蒸汽处理未对工艺纤维的拉伸性能产生明显影响,分离出的竹材工艺纤维最大拉伸强度和模量分别达到了765 MPa和24.8 GPa。另外,在不同部位处提取的工艺纤维在性能上存在一定差异:外侧区域分离的工艺纤维尺寸大于内侧;而竹间分离的工艺纤维拉伸性能优于竹节处的,因此在实际应用中可考虑分层提取、分级利用。High-temperature saturated steam was firstly applied to pre-treat fresh moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex H. de Lehaie) culms with high moisture content, and then bamboo fibers were extracted from the thermal treated bamboo culms by rolling. And then the microstructure, chemical composition, mechanical behavior, and hygroscopic properties of the extracted fibers were analyzed by using optical microscopy, nanoindentation(NI) and so forth. Results indicate that the vascular bundles and parenchymatous cells in bamboo culms have been effectively seperated due to the degradation of hemicellulose after the steam and mechanical treatment. The degradation of hemicelluloses, increaed relative lignin content and cellulose crystallinity(CrI) upon thermal treatment make a major contribution to the reduced hygroscopicity and increase of reduced elastic modulus(Er) and hardness(H) of fiber cell walls. The maximum tensile strength and modulus of bamboo fibers are 765 MPa and24.8 GPa, respectively, which are not obviously affected by steam treatment. However, there are some differences in the properties of bamboo fibers extracted from different parts in bamboo culms. The dimensions of fibers from outerlayer are larger than that of inner layer and the tensile properties of fibers from bamboo culms without nodes are higher than that of bamboo culms near the nodes. Thus, multilayer extraction and classifiedutilization of bamboofibers should be considered in its potential application.

关 键 词：纤维 力学性能 物理性能 化学分析 热处理 

分 类 号：TS959.2[轻工技术与工程] TQ340.1[化学工程—化纤工业]