先秦时期文献记载的瘟疫认知与管理应对举措  

Plague Cognition and Management Countermeasures Recorded in the Pre-Qin Documents

作　　者：唐元[1,2] TANG Yuan(Institute of Disaster Prevention,Sanhe 065201,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Risk Assessment,Sanhe 065201,China)

机构地区：[1]防灾科技学院,河北三河065201 [2]河北省地震灾害防御与风险评价重点实验室,河北三河065201

出　　处：《防灾科技学院学报》2021年第2期95-101,共7页Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专题项目(ZY20210315)。

摘　　要：为了展现我国古代源远流长的防疫经验,通过历史文献考证梳理研究方法对先秦时期的文献进行了研究。研究表明商代的甲骨卜辞中已经认识到人口密集是瘟疫流行的条件之一,春秋时期已经积极采取隔离防疫措施。先秦时期已经总结出时序失调容易爆发传染病,出现了怪兽现身带来疫情的神话之说,并相应兴起了驱逐疫鬼的仪式;认识到社会卫生条件恶化时容易爆发瘟疫,政府积极设立、派遣各级医生来救治患者。于是得出了早在先秦时期,我国就对瘟疫已经有了深刻的认识,并且采取了有效的应对举措的结论。In order to show the long-standing experience of epidemic prevention in ancient China,we studied the documents of pre-Qin period by means of textual research of historical documents.The research shows that population density was one of the conditions for plagues as recorded in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty,and quarantine measures were actively taken for epidemic prevention in the Spring and Autumn period.In the pre-Qin period,it had been concluded that the timing disorder will easily lead to outbreaks of infectious diseases,and the myth that the appearance of monsters brings epidemics emerged,and accordingly rituals for expelling epidemic ghosts occurred. Having recognizing that the epidemic was apt to break out when sanitary conditions deteriorated,the government actively established institutions and dispatched doctors of all levels to save patients. So it’s concluded that as early as the preQin period,our country had got a deep understanding of plague and adopted effective countermeasures to deal with it.

关 键 词：先秦文献 瘟疫书写 隔离措施 时序失调 驱逐疫鬼 卫生恶化 

分 类 号：K233[历史地理—历史学] R254.3[历史地理—中国史]