橡胶-豆科间作对植株生长和氮吸收的影响  

Effects of Plant Growth and Nitrogen Absorption in the Rubber-legume CropsIntercropping System

作　　者：王桂花 吴敏[1,2] 王大鹏 韦家少[1,2] 吴炳孙 吴文冠[1,2] 陈志坚 董荣书[3] WANG Guihua;WU Min;WANG Dapeng;WEI Jiashao;WU Bingsun;WU Wenguan;CHEN Zhijian;DONG Rongshu(Rubber Research Institute,CATAS,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,CATAS,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口571101 [2]农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南海口571101 [3]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571101

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2021年第6期16-22,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费(No.1630022019008);海南省自然科学基金项目(No.320QN349);滇桂黔石漠化地区特色作物产业发展关键技术集成示范项目(No.SMH2019-2021)。

摘　　要：以橡胶-柱花草、橡胶-花生间作系统为研究对象,设置不同氮水平和接种根瘤菌处理,研究橡胶间作豆科作物对系统植株生长、氮含量、氮吸收量及土壤碱解氮的影响。结果表明:与橡胶单作相比,橡胶-柱花草间作后系统植株干重提高54%~80%,橡胶-花生间作则提高12%~14%;间作后系统植株氮含量和氮吸收量均显著提高,橡胶-柱花草间作系统的氮吸收量比橡胶-花生提高约4.8倍;在氮2(不施尿素)水平下,接种根瘤菌处理的橡胶-柱花草间作的土壤碱解氮含量显著高于橡胶单作,但在氮1(施用尿素2 g/盆)水平,橡胶-柱花草间作显著低于橡胶单作;同时研究发现,与不接根瘤菌相比,间作系统中接种根瘤菌的试验效果并不明显。综上,橡胶-花生间作、橡胶-柱花草间作能促进橡胶树生长,提高系统植株氮含量和氮吸收量,改善胶园土壤碱解氮含量;其中,橡胶-柱花草间作系统比橡胶-花生间作系统更具间作优势。Rubber-stylosanthes and rubber-peanut intercropping systems were used in this experiment to analyze the effects of rubber-leguminous crops intercropping on the plant growth,nitrogen content,nitrogen absorption and the alkaline-N of the crops under different nitrogen levels and mycorrhizal inoculation treatment.The results showed that the plant dry weight increased by 54%-80%in the rubber-stylosanthes system treatment,and by 12%-14%in the rubber-peanut treatment compared to the rubber monoculture.Moreover,the nitrogen content and nitrogen absorption in the intercropping system treatments were significantly increased,and the nitrogen absorption increment was 4.8 times higher in the rubber stylosanthes treatment than in the rubber-peanut treatment.The alkaline-N content in the rubber stylosanthes treatment with mycorrhizal inoculation was significantly higher than that in the rubber monoculture at the level of N2(no nitrogen/pot),while the rubber-stylosanthes treatment was was markedly lower in alkaline-N content than the rubber monoculture at the level of N1(2 kg·pot-1).The effects of mycorrhizal inoculation were not obvious in the intercropping systems.In conclusion,the rubber stylosanthes and rubber-peanut intercropping systems can not only promote the growth of rubber plants and increase the nitrogen content and nitrogen absorption of the plants,but also improve the soil alkaline-N content in the intercropping system,and that the rubber-stylosanthes intercropping system is superior to the rubber-peanut intercropping system.

关 键 词：橡胶 柱花草 花生 根瘤菌 间作系统 

分 类 号：S753.536[农业科学—森林经理学]