中国老年人死亡质量的研究现状与政策应对  

Studies on the Quality of Death among the Elderly in China:Current Status and Countermeasures

作　　者：宋靓珺 苏聪文 SONG Liang-jun;SU Cong-wen

机构地区：[1]复旦大学人口与发展政策研究中心 [2]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2021年第6期119-128,共10页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(20YJC840023)——中国老年人健康预期寿命的多状态模型研究。

摘　　要：利用2002-2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据,分析了我国微观层面老年人死亡质量的现状,结果显示接近四成的老年人在痛苦中离世,超过八成的老年人临终前生活不能完全自理,接近九成的老年人临终前由家庭成员而非专业人士提供照料。通过进一步的分析发现,我国在宏观政策和公共服务层面亦存在着安宁疗护服务缺位、医疗资源配置失衡、生死教育缺失等发展短板。最后,借由深入剖析中国传统哲学和独特文化对死亡的阐释,提出了本土文化背景下提高老年人死亡质量的若干政策思考,以回应深度老龄化引发的全新社会形态和广大老年群体对“优生优逝”美好生活的切实诉求。Utilizing the 2002-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),this paper analyzes status of the quality of death among the elderly in China at the micro level.The data analysis finds that,nearly 40%of the elderly died with pain,more than 80%of the elderly were not self-cared,and approximately 90%of the elderly were taken care of by family members rather than professional staff before dying.By sorting further data,there are several weaknesses such as,nursing care services shortage,unbalanced allocation of medical resources,and blankness of life and death education from the public policy and service perspective at the macro level in China.Analyzing the interpretation of death through the traditional Chinese philosophy and culture,this paper puts forward several public policy considerations on how to improve the quality of death in response to the new social patterns triggered by aging progress.

关 键 词：老年人 死亡质量 生死哲学 传统文化 政策应对 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]