生物炭对土壤重金属形态及生物有效性影响的研究进展  

Effect of biochar on soil heavy metal speciation and bioavailability:A review

作　　者：刘洁 孙可[1] 韩兰芳 LIU Jie;SUN Ke;HAN Lanfang(State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds,Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,510006,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]广东工业大学环境生态工程研究院,广东省流域水环境治理与水生态修复重点实验室,广州510006

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第6期1643-1658,共16页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(JQ19033)资助.

摘　　要：考察生物炭施入土壤后重金属形态以及生物有效性的变化是土壤学近年来的研究热点.重金属形态变化是衡量其生物有效性的一个较为重要的指标.将生物炭添加到土壤-动植物系统中,并评估重金属生物有效性有利于推进生物炭应用于土壤改良及重金属修复.因此,本文首先收集了大量关于生物炭对土壤重金属形态含量变化的数据.统计发现,生物炭添加下土壤中重金属Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb的不稳定态(可交换态/酸溶态)下降的平均百分率分别为25.6%、36.4%、16.5%和26.1%,稳定态(残渣态)升高的平均百分率分别为35.9%、22.9%、32.8%和46.5%.生物炭的原料、热解温度和土壤质地是影响重金属形态变化的主要因素.探讨了生物炭的添加对土壤重金属形态转化的影响机制.其次,总结了生物炭对土壤和生物体中的重金属生物有效性的影响,以及阐述了相应的影响机制.最后,基于目前的研究现状提出了未来的研究方向.Investigation on the variations of soil heavy metal speciation and bioavailability with the application of biochar is becoming a hot research topic in the field of soil science in recent years.Heavy metal speciation is an important indicator of bioavailability.Evaluation of heavy metal bioavailability with the addition of biochar in soil-animal/plant system is beneficial to promote the application of biochar in soil improvement and soil heavy metal remediation.Therefore,data on the changes of the content of heavy metal speciation induced by biochar were collected.It was found that the mean decrease percentages of labile fraction(exchangeable fraction/acid-soluble fraction)of Cd,Cu,Zn,Pb were 25.6%,36.4%,16.5%,and 26.1%,respectively.The mean increase percentages of recalcitrant fraction(residue fraction)were 35.9%,22.9%,32.8%and 46.5%,respectively.The effect of biochar on soil heavy metal speciation mainly depended on the feedstock and heating treatment temperature of biochar as well as soil texture.The mechanisms of biochar-induced changes in soil heavy metal speciation were discussed.Then,the influences of biochar on heavy metal bioavailability in soil and animal/plant were summarized and the corresponding mechanisms were stated.Finally,potential research directions in the future were proposed based on current research status.

关 键 词：生物炭 土壤重金属 形态 生物有效性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X17