地理单元划分对城市热环境响应规律的影响——以北京为例  

Influence of the choice of geographic unit on the response of urban thermal environment:Taking Beijing as an example

作　　者：刘诗喆 谢苗苗[1,2] 武蓉蓉 王亚男 李新宇 LIU Shizhe;XIE Miaomiao;WU Rongrong;WANG Yanan;LI Xinyu(School of Land Science and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100035,China;Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [2]自然资源部土地整治重点实验室,北京100035 [3]北京市园林科学研究院,北京100102

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2021年第6期1037-1047,共11页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41771204);北京市科技计划重大课题(D171100007117001)。

摘　　要：尺度效应及空间异质性决定了同一种影响因子在不同地理单元中对生态过程的作用程度存在差异。论文选择城市热环境效应这一典型城市生态过程为研究对象,针对地理单元划分对热环境效应响应规律研究较少的现状,选择土地利用分类、网格、街区、局地气候区4种地理单元,选取常用景观组分指标——归一化差值植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)、不透水面比例(impervious surface area,ISA)和改进的归一化差值水体指数(modified normalized difference water index,MNDWI)为热环境影响因子,探究不同地理单元中城市热环境对景观组分响应规律的差异。以POI数据重新定义的北京市城区为研究区,结果表明:(1)单因子与地表温度Pearson相关性分析得出街区和网格作为划分单元,各影响因子与地表温度相关性较高;(2)利用多因子回归方法更适合于地表温度空间分异的解释,植被和不透水面比例因子的组合在4 km网格单元,植被、水体组合及植被、水体、不透水面比例的因子组合在局地气候区单元对地表温度空间分异的解释力度最强。论文为北方大城市热岛影响因素选择提供依据,充实了不同尺度热环境效应响应规律的案例研究,并为城市生态环境效应选择适当研究单元提供依据。The scale effect and spatial heterogeneity determine that the effect of the same influencing factor on ecological processes varies in different geographic units.In this study,urban thermal environmental effect,a typical urban ecological process,was examined.In view of the current situation that the thermal environmental response pattern of different geographic units has rarely been studied,four geographic units—land use type,grid,city block,and local climate area,were selected.Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Impervious Surface Area(ISA),and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index(MNDWI)—the commonly used indices for landscape components,were used as the impact factors of thermal environment to explore the differences in the response pattern of urban thermal environment in different geographic units.The urban area of Beijing Municipality as redefined by point of interest(POI)data was chosen as the study area.The results show that:1)The Pearson correlation analysis of single factor and land surface temperature shows that the block and grid are the division units,and the influence factors have a high correlation with land surface temperature.2)The multi-factor regression method is more suitable for explaining the spatial variability of land surface temperature(LST).The combination of vegetation and impervious factors is in the 4-km grid unit,while the combination of vegetation and water and the combination of vegetation,water and impervious factors is the strongest in explaining the spatial variability of LST in the local climate zone unit.This paper provides a basis for the selection of the influencing factors of heat island in big cities in northern China,enriches the case study on the response law of thermal environmental effects at different scales,and provides a basis for the selection of appropriate research units for urban ecological environmental effects.

关 键 词：城市热环境 热岛效应 地理单元 景观组分 地表温度 北京 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X144