《民法典》第406条的理解与适用  

The Understanding and Application of Article 406 of Civil Code

作　　者：林玉莹[1] Lin Yuying(Fujian Chuanzheng Conmunications College,Fuzhou 350007,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建船政交通职业学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《伊犁师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期27-33,共7页Journal of Yili Normal University

摘　　要：《民法典》第406条在明确了抵押财产可基于抵押人的意志自由转让的同时,也明确了当事人可约定“禁止或者限制抵押财产的转让”。如该约定未向有权机关登记,则既不影响抵押财产转让合同的效力,也不影响受让抵押财产的善意第三人取得抵押财产所有权。如该约定向有权机关进行了登记,则受让抵押财产的非善意第三人不能取得抵押财产的所有权,但抵押财产转让合同的效力不受影响。同时,该条明确了抵押权的追及效力。但“动产抵押权的追及效力”受到“善意第三人的无负担取得”“正常经营转让规则”的限制。在抵押财产转让时,抵押人负有“及时通知义务”,但违反该义务,并不影响转让合同的效力。抵押人转让抵押财产可能对抵押权造成损害的,抵押权人享有“债务提前清偿请求权”,可就抵押人转让抵押财产所得的价款优先受偿,以有效保障抵押权人利益的实现。Article 406 of the Civil Code not only makes it clear that the mortgaged property can be freely transferred based on the will of the mortgagor,but also makes it clear that the parties can agree to"prohibit or restrict the transfer of the mortgaged property".If the agreement is not registered with the authority,it will not affect the validity of the contract for the transfer of the mortgaged property,nor the acquisition of the ownership of the mortgaged property by the bona fide third party who has transferred the mortgaged property.If the agreement is registered with the authority,the non bona fide third party who receives the mortgaged property can not obtain the ownership of the mortgaged property,but the effectiveness of the contract for the transfer of the mortgaged property will not be affected.At the same time,the article clarifies the recourse effect of mortgage.However,the"tracing effect of chattel mortgage"is limited by the"acquisition without burden by a bona fide third party"and"normal business transfer rules".When the mortgaged property is transferred,the mortgagor has the obligation of"timely notification",but the breach of this obligation does not affect the effectiveness of the transfer contract.If the mortgagor's transfer of the mortgaged property may cause damage to the mortgage right,the mortgagor has the right to claim for early repayment of the debt,and has priority to be paid for the proceeds from the mortgagor's transfer of the mortgaged property,so as to effectively protect the realization of the mortgagor's interests.

关 键 词：抵押财产 自由转让 抵押权 追及效力 提前清偿请求权 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]