黑颈鹤鸣叫行为及声谱特征分析  

Vocal behaviors and spectrum characteristics of Black-necked Cranes(Grus nigricollis)

作　　者：孔德军[1,2] 钟兴耀[3] 张金国 赵锡森[4] 杨晓君[1] De-Jun KONG;Xing-Yao ZHONG;Jin-Guo ZHANG;Xi-Sen ZHAO;Xiao-Jun YANG(State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650223,China;Department of Life Science&Technology,Kunming University,Kunming,Yunnan 650144,China;Administrative Bureau of Dashanbao National Nature Reserve,Zhaotong,Yunnan 657000,China;Beijing Zoo,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室,云南昆明650223 [2]昆明学院生命科学与技术系,云南昆明650144 [3]大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区管理局,云南昭通657000 [4]北京动物园,北京100044

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2014年第S01期167-180,共14页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31201725);云南省应用基础研究计划项目(2012FB186);中国科学院“西部之光”项目。

摘　　要：2009年11月—2010年3月和2010年6—7月分别对云南大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区的野生黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)种群和北京动物园的笼养个体进行了鸣叫行为和声谱特征分析。共记录到黑颈鹤的6种短鸣叫,包括通讯鸣叫、起飞鸣叫、报警鸣叫、保卫鸣叫、聚拢鸣叫及交配前鸣叫。研究发现黑颈鹤成体的通讯鸣叫频率显著低于幼体。成体通讯鸣叫具有6种音节类型(频率范围:332.80~1902.30 Hz),幼体通讯鸣叫具有7种音节(频率范围:2229.20~5266.70 Hz)。起飞鸣叫及报警鸣叫具有两种音节型。保卫鸣叫仅有一种音节型,交配前鸣叫由雌性发出。黑颈鹤雌雄两性的鸣叫频率和音节持续时间均具有显著差异,其中,雌性报警鸣叫最高频率(雄性:1016.43±105.53 Hz;雌性:1817.97±512.68 Hz)、保卫鸣叫最高频率(雄性:1127.00±83.05 Hz;雌性:1334.23±42.68 Hz)、报警鸣叫频率间隔(雄性:485.77±42.01 Hz;雌性:1309.63±539.57 Hz)及保卫鸣叫频率间隔(雄性:521.22±102.28 Hz;雌性:705.88±88.42 Hz)均显著高于雄性;雌性保卫鸣叫持续时间(雄性:0.35±0.06 s;雌性:0.41±0.06 s)大于雄性。该研究结果表明黑颈鹤的鸣叫声谱特征有助于黑颈鹤的性别鉴别。Vocal contact as a communication tool plays crucial role in the life history of birds.In this study,we studied the short vocal behaviors of Black-necked Cranes(Grus nigricollis),and characteristics of these calls were analyzed.All the sound samples were collected from wild population in the Dashanbao National Nature Reserve during November,2009 to March 2010 and from captive individuals in the Beijing Zoo in June-July,2010.Six short call types were recorded including of contact call,flight intention call,alarm call,guard call,assembly call and pre-copulation call.We recorded six and seven syllable types from adult and young cranes separately,while the vocal frequency of adults(frequency range:332.80-1902.30 Hz)were significantly lower than that of young birds(frequency range:2229.20-5266.70 Hz).Two kinds of syllable were confirmed for flight intension call and alarm call,and one syllable for guard call.The pre-copulation call was emitted by the female crane.Significant sonogram differences were detected between male and female cranes.The maximum frequency(F_max)of the alarm call(male:1016.43±105.53 Hz;female:1817.97±512.68 Hz),the F_max of guard call(male:1127.00±83.05 Hz;female:1334.23±42.68 Hz),the frequency interval(F_interval)of alarm call(male:485.77±42.01 Hz;female:1309.63±539.57 Hz),and the F_interval of guard call(male:521.22±102.28 Hz;female:705.88±88.42 Hz)of females were significantly higher than those of the male.And the guard call lasted longer for the female(0.41±0.06 s)than male bird(0.35±0.06 s).Our results indicated that sonogram analysis could be a useful tool determining male from female Black-necked Cranes.

关 键 词：黑颈鹤 鸟鸣 鸣叫行为 声谱特征 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] Q959.7