保护青少年:美国电影检查与评级的正当性--基于电影致害力的传播效果研究  

Protecting Teenagers:The Legitimacy of American Movie Censorship and Rating--A Study from the Perspective of Communication Effects Caused by Capacity for Evil of Movie

作　　者：王生智 Wang Shengzhi(Law School,Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《当代青年研究》2021年第4期103-109,共7页Contemporary Youth Research

摘　　要：在美国,电影被认为具有致害力,而青少年最容易受害。为了防范电影致害青少年,美国从20世纪初开始先后实行电影检查与评级制度。电影检查制度因受到合宪性挑战而被废除,电影评级制度则实现了电影表达自由、青少年成长、监护人监护权、电影业发展之间的价值平衡,获得了监护人的认可,并推广到电视评级、游戏评级等制度设计中。In the United States,the film is considered to have the capacity for evil,and minors are the most vulnerable to it.In order to protect minors from the evils caused by films,the United States has implemented film censorship and rating system successively since the beginning of the 20th century.The film censorship was challenged to be unconstitutional,while the film rating realized the value balance between the freedom of artistic expressions through films,the growth of minors,guardianship and the development of the film industry,which has been favorably approved of by the guardians of minors and extended to the TV rating,game rating and other rating systems.It can be seen that such film rating system in the United States has definite worth of reference for protecting minors from the evils caused by films.

关 键 词：电影致害力 青少年 传播效果 电影检查 电影评级 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]