大蒜气生鳞茎形态发生及其碳水化合物和内源激素含量以及相关基因表达的变化特征  

Morphogenesis and Changes in Carbohydrate,Endogenous Hormone Contents and Related Gene Expression in Garlic Topset

作　　者：彭怡琳[1,2] 刘敏 蒋芳玲[1,2] 李梦倩 张蒙[1,2] 吴震 PENG Yilin;LIU Min;JIANG Fangling;LI Mengqian;ZHANG Meng;WU Zhen(College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095 [2]农业部华东地区园艺作物生物学与种质创新重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2021年第6期984-994,共11页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费扶贫专项(KJFP201702);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：以大蒜品种‘二水早’(早熟)、‘麻江红蒜’(中晚熟)和‘徐州白’(晚熟)为材料,采用石蜡切片技术结合显微观察探讨气生鳞茎形成过程中植株茎尖和花序轴形态变化,并测定了‘麻江红蒜’气生鳞茎形成过程中可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉和内源激素含量及相关基因表达变化,明确不同熟期各品种大蒜气生鳞茎形成进程和形态解剖学特征,以及碳水化合物和内源激素与大蒜气生鳞茎形成的关系,以探讨大蒜气生鳞茎分化的生理机制。结果表明:(1)依据茎尖生长点和花序轴的形态解剖特征,将气生鳞茎形成进程划分为启动期、气生鳞茎原基分化期(包括保护叶原基、贮藏叶原基分化)、气生鳞茎膨大期和气生鳞茎成熟期等4个时期;3个品种气生鳞茎在相同发育时期的形态解剖学特征相同,但分化时间不同,其分化顺序与大蒜品种成熟期表现一致;当总苞叶叶尖露出叶鞘,花器官原基分化时,花序轴周围分生组织区域产生小突起,标志着气生鳞茎原基分化的开始;外层保护叶由白色转为紫色时气生鳞茎进入成熟期。(2)气生鳞茎开始膨大后,其可溶性糖和蔗糖含量均显著降低,淀粉含量显著升高;ZR含量在启动期显著升高;IAA和MeJA含量在气生鳞茎原基分化期维持在较高水平,但IAA含量随着气生鳞茎膨大显著降低,并在成熟期降至最低。(3)果聚糖代谢相关基因1-SST、1-FEH分别在膨大初期、膨大中期表达量显著升高;细胞壁转移酶基因CWI相对表达量在气生鳞茎原基分化期显著升高;蔗糖信号转导基因T6P和生长素信号转导的关键转录因子ARF1相对表达量均在气生鳞茎分化期显著升高;茉莉酸信号调控途径中的负调控因子JAZ相对表达量在大蒜气生鳞茎原基分化期和膨大初期均维持一个较低水平。研究认为,大量可溶性糖及ZR在茎尖积累,可以启动气生鳞茎原基分化,促进气生鳞茎形态发生;�With garlic varieties‘Ershuizao’(early maturity),‘Majianghongsuan’(middle and late maturity)and‘Xuzhoubai’(late maturity)as materials,we took the paraffin sectioning and microscopic inspection to investigate the morphogenesis of stem tip and inflorescence axis,and determined the contents of soluble sugar,sucrose,starch,and endogenous hormones,as well as related gene expression during the formation of topset in‘Majianghongsuan’.According to this,we clarifyed the formation process,morphological and anatomical characteristics of topset in garlic varieties with different maturity periods and revealed the relationship among carbohydrates,endogenous hormones,and garlic topset bulb formation to investigate the physiological mechanism of garlic topset differentiation.The results showed that:(1)the formation process of the topset was divided into four periods:initiation period,topset primordium differentiation period(including protected leaf primordium,and storage leaf primordium differentiation),expansion period and maturity period according to the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the growth point of stem tip and inflorescence axis.The morphological and anatomical features of topset in three varieties were the same at the same development periods,but the differentiation time differed depended on the maturity of garlic varieties.When the leaf tip of the involucre leaves was exposed and floral primordium differentiated,the meristem areas around the inflorescence axis produced small protuberances,which marked the beginning of the topset primordium differentiation,and when the outer protective leaf changed from white to purple,the topset entered the maturity period.(2)The soluble sugar and sucrose contents decreased significantly,and starch content increased significantly when the topset began to expand.At the initiation period,the ZR content increased significantly;the contents of IAA and MeJA were maintained at a high level during the differentiation period of topset primordium differentiatio

关 键 词：大蒜 气生鳞茎 器官发育 碳水化合物 内源激素 

分 类 号：Q944.55[生物学—植物学] Q945.3