英国售华“斯贝”军用发动机及美英“有限武装扶华政策”探析  

The Study of Spey MK202 Engine Sells to PRC by UK and the Hold the Line Policy towards China

作　　者：忻怿 XIN Yi(School of History and Culture,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《安徽史学》2021年第4期130-140,共11页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：2020年度教育部高校国别和区域研究规划项目“中美战略稳定评估”(2020G35)的阶段性成果,受国别和区域研究专项资金资助。

摘　　要：1970年代初,为“联华制苏”进而助推美苏“缓和”,尼克松政府制定“有限武装扶华政策”,谋求有限提升中国军力,搭建美中制苏安全协调关系。鉴于维护美苏“缓和”而尚不对华售武,美国鼓励英国开启对华技术转让及军售。英国政府基于经济与安全双重利益,于1975年底正式售华比较先进的“斯贝”MK202型军用涡扇发动机。英国对华军售的历史性实践,凸显冷战逻辑巨变。“斯贝”军用发动机是中华人民共和国史上首次引进的西方军用装备,从“安全”的角度标注起中西方制苏安全协调关系的实质内涵,凸显其间中国对外战略转轨。售华“斯贝”背后的“有限武装扶华”理念,一直指导着后来西方1970年代末至1980年代对华规模化军售的历史实践,其亦引导了美欧发展对华安全关系背后的相关复杂战略思考。In early 1970s,in order to constructed the policy of“Unite PRC against USSR”so that US could establish the detente between US and USSR,the Nixon administration wanted to arm China with certain restrictions.Thus,US and China gradually built the coordinated security relationship against USSR.Due to detente,the Nixon administration could not sell military equipment to China directly,so US encouraged UK to sell military equipment to China.Based on the thirst for economic and security interest,UK sold Spey MK202 military engines to China in 1975 which represented the change of Cold War.The introduction of Spey MK202 engines into PRC was the first time that China brought advanced military equipment from western countries which illustrated the transformation of China’s foreign policy.This sell was an important part of the coordinated security relationship against USSR between PRC and western countries.And the deep thoughts behind this issue that western countries would arm China with certain restrictions also directed the following arms sale to China during late 1970s and 1980s.

关 键 词：中美关系 中英关系 联华制苏 尼克松政府 “有限武装扶华政策” 

分 类 号：K561.5[历史地理—历史学] K27[历史地理—世界史]