殷周之际“天命”思想变迁内在理路的哲学省察——以周武王的天命思想为中心  

On the Transformation of the Thought of Tian mingat the Transition from the Shang to the Zhou Dynasties:Focusing on King Wu’s Thought of Tian ming

作　　者：王福海 WANG Fu-hai

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《周易研究》2021年第2期96-104,共9页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：殷周之际是中国历史上的一大变局,体现在哲学上就是"天命"思想之转化与演进,解决政权来源的合法性和长久统治天下的愿望是推动周人天命思想转化的动力。目前学界对周文王、周公的思想较为重视,而对周武王的思想重视不足。事实上,周武王是殷周之际天命思想转换的关键人物。他从"如何论证周人统治的合法性"与"如何保证周人长有天下"两大问题出发,构建了不同于殷人的至上神观念,开创了不同于卜辞的另一个思想系统。周公延续了周武王的逻辑思路并进一步拓展,赋予至上神明确的道德属性,完善了周武王天命思想的逻辑系统。In Chinese history it was a great change from the Shang(c. 1600-1046 BC) to the Zhou(1046-256 BC) dynasties, which was then philosophically embodied in the transformation and evolution of the thought of Tian ming(Mandate of Heaven), when the desire to demonstrate the legitimacy and maintain a permanent rule of the new regime was the power driving the Zhou people to transform the thought of Tian ming. Academic circles currently attach importance to King Wen(c. 1152-c. 1056 BC) and Duke Zhou’s thought, but neglect King Wu’s(d. 1043 BC) idea. In fact, King Wu was a key person for the transformation. Considering "how to demonstrate the legitimacy of the rule of the Zhou people and how to guarantee a permanent rule of the Zhou people", he constructed a concept of Supreme god different from the Shang people’s and created an ideological system different from oracle inscriptions. Duke Zhou succeeded King Wu’s train of thought and further expanded it through attaching moral attributes to the Supreme god, which made King Wu’s system perfect.

关 键 词：至上神 天命 天保 合法性 武王 周公 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]