辩诉交易强迫认罪问题对认罪认罚从宽制度的警示  

The Problem of Coerced Plea Bargaining and Its References to the Leniency System Based on Admission of Guilt and Acceptance of Punishment

作　　者：夏菲[1] Xia Fei

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2021年第4期152-163,共12页Oriental Law

摘　　要：美国辩诉交易要求被告作有罪答辩必须是出于自由意志的行为,但是,由于检察官在刑事司法中拥有绝对权力,律师作用有限,被告在决定是否接受控方提供的交易条件时几乎没有自由选择的余地。这种机制性强迫压力的存在为无辜被告认罪的现实和心理学实验研究所证实,并已经引起美国联邦最高法院的关注。我国的认罪认罚从宽制度同样强调被追诉人认罪认罚的自愿性,但是由于"自愿性"标准不明确,且其也存在控审权力配置不当、律师作用更为有限等问题,认罪认罚从宽制度同样存在强迫认罪甚至使无辜被告认罪的风险。为有效防控此种风险,需明确"自愿性"标准,整体性、系统性推进刑事司法改革,并注重制度推行中的科学性。In plea bargaining process in the United States,the defendant must plead guilty voluntarily.However,in practice,the defendants very often had no choice but accepting the offer from the prosecutors.The coercive pressure in plea bargaining process is proved by the phenomenon of pleading guilty by innocent people and scientific experiments.There are mainly two reasons causing the coercive pressure,the exclusive power of prosecutor in criminal justice system and the ineffective counsel assistance to the suspect.The 2018 criminal procedure law of China adds the leniency system based on admission of guilt and acceptance of punishment.In the leniency system,the defendant also must plead guilty voluntarily and there is high risk of coerced guilty plea as the two reasons causing the coercive pressure of plea bargaining are also exist in China’s criminal justice system.Furthermore,the meaning of’voluntary’is not clear.It is important to take necessary measures to prevent the coerced guilty plea,including making clear definition of’voluntary’,and improving the whole criminal justice system through a scientific approach.

关 键 词：认罪认罚从宽制度 辩诉交易 强迫认罪 控审权力分配 律师作用 自愿性标准 

分 类 号：DF7[政治法律—诉讼法学]