基于均值与极值的中国夏季气温与地温的时空格局与差异特征研究  

Spatiotemporal pattern and difference characteristics of summer atmospheric temperature and ground temperature in China based on mean and extreme values

作　　者：孔锋 孙劭[3] KONG Feng;SUN Shao(College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;Center for Crisis Management Research,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;National Climate Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100083 [2]清华大学应急管理研究基地,北京100084 [3]中国气象局国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2021年第7期84-91,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1509003,2019YFC1510202);国家自然科学基金项目(41801064,41701103,41775078);北京市社科基金研究基地项目(19JDGLA008);中亚大气科学研究基金(CAAS201804)资助。

摘　　要：基于1961-2018年中国545个气象站点的月值气温和地温数据,考虑平均值和极端值,诊断了近58年来中国夏季地气温度时空格局及其差异特征。结果表明:1)1961-2018年中国夏季气温和不同深度地温的平均值和极端值具有纬度地带性和垂直地带性,即随纬度和海拔的增加,温度逐渐减少。夏季0cm平均地温最大,5cm平均地温次之,10cm平均地温再次之,平均气温最小。中国夏季平均气温与0cm、5cm和10cm平均地温的空间相关系数分别为0.52、0.59和0.54(n=15642),均通过了0.01显著性水平的检验。1990年前后中国夏季平均气温差异和不同深度平均地气温差具有东南低、西北高的空间分异特征。2)1961-2018年中国不同深度平均地气温差和地温差异均具有东南低、西北高的空间分异特征,其中青藏高原的地气温差是正差异最大的地区,而四川中部盆地则是负差异最大的地区。3)中国夏季极端最高气温与平均气温,0cm极端最高地温与平均地温的空间相关系数分别为0.63和0.54(n=15642),均通过了0.01显著性水平的检验。1990年前后中国夏季极端最高气温差异和0cm极端最高地温差异均具有东南低、西北高的空间分异特征,且后者差异程度大于前者。Based on the monthly atmospheric temperature and ground temperature data of 545 meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2018,considering the mean value and extreme value,the spatial-temporal pattern and difference characteristics of summer atmospheric temperature and ground temperature in China in recent 58 years are diagnosed.The results show that:1)The mean and extreme values of summer atmospheric temperature and ground temperature at different depths in China from 1961 to 2018 show latitudinal zonality and vertical zonality,that is,with the increase of latitude and altitude,the mean and extreme values of atmospheric temperature and ground temperature gradually decreases.the China’s summer 0 cm mean ground temperature is the highest,5 cm mean ground temperature is the second,10 cm mean ground temperature is the third,and the mean atmospheric temperature is the lowest.The spatial correlation coefficients of summer mean atmospheric temperature with 0 cm,5 cm and 10 cm mean ground temperature in China are 0.52,0.59 and 0.54(n=15642),respectively,which have passed the test of 0.01 significance level.The difference of summer mean atmospheric temperature and the mean ground temperature difference between different depths in China before and after 1990 have the spatial differentiation characteristics of low in the southeast and high in the northwest.2)The mean atmospheric temperature difference and mean ground temperature difference in different depths in China have the spatial differentiation characteristics of low in the southeast and high in the northwest from 1961 to 2018.Among them,the mean ground temperature difference in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the region with the largest positive difference,while that in the central Sichuan Basin is the region with the largest negative difference.3)The spatial correlation coefficients of summer extreme maximum atmospheric temperature and mean atmospheric temperature,0 cm extreme maximum ground temperature and mean ground temperature in China are 0.63 and 0.54(n=15

关 键 词：极端地温 地气温差 时空格局 气候变化 中国 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]