禾豆间作与施氮对河西地区青贮玉米产量及水氮利用的影响  

Effects of maize-legume intercropping and nitrogen application on yield,water and nitrogen utilization of silage maize in Hexi area

作　　者：张海星 常生华[1] 贾倩民 周大梁 张程[1] 刘永杰 李红 侯扶江[1] ZHANG Hai-xing;CHANG Sheng-hua;JIA Qian-min;ZHOU Da-liang;ZHANG Cheng;LIU Yong-jie;LI Hong;HOU Fu-jiang(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu 730020;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161005)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161005

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第3期51-62,共12页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R50);国家自然科学基金(31901389,31672472);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(lzujbky-2019-33);兰州大学“双一流”引导专项-队伍建设-科研启动费(561119204);973国家重点基础研究计划课题(2014CB138706);2018年度甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(18ZD2FA009)。

摘　　要：为了探究禾豆间作模式与施氮水平对饲草产量及水氮吸收利用的影响,明确适宜河西地区青贮玉米生产的管理措施。于2019年在河西地区开展田间试验,试验设置3个种植方式(LM:青贮玉米-拉巴豆间作;FM:青贮玉米-秣食豆间作;M:青贮玉米单播)和4种施氮水平(N1:0 kg·hm^(-2);N2:120 kg·hm^(-2);N3:240 kg·hm^(-2);N4:360 kg·hm^(-2))。结果表明:N2、N3和N4较N1显著提高了玉米和豆科作物的鲜干草产量以及总产量,其中总鲜草产量较N1分别提高29.60%、57.83%和61.45%,总干草产量分别提高30.73%、59.14%和61.27%。FM的鲜草和干草总产量显著高于M,较M分别增加了5.74%和6.26%。N3和N4较N1显著降低了收获期土壤贮水量,但耗水量无显著差异,并显著提高了群体水分利用效率(WUE_(B)),且FM的WUE_(B)显著高于M。N2、N3和N4较N1显著增加了玉米和豆科作物的氮含量及吸收量,且N3较N4显著提高了青贮玉米、豆科作物以及群体的氮肥利用效率(NUE)。FM和LM的总氮含量及吸收量显著高于M,且FM的NUE显著高于LM。所有处理中FM-N3获得了最高的WUEB(65.22 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1))和NUE(1.21 kg·kg^(-1))。综合产量与水氮利用效率两方面的结果,FM-N3是适宜河西地区禾豆饲草间作种植的管理模式。A field experiment was carried out in Hexi area in 2019 to explore the effects of intercropping mode and nitrogen applications on the forage yield,water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of silage maize.The purpose of this study was to define the suitable management measures for silage maize production in Hexi area.Three planting patterns(LM:intercropping of silage maize and dolichos lablab,FM:intercropping of silage maize and fodder soybean,M:single sown of silage maize)and four nitrogen application levels(N1:0 kg·hm^(-2);N2:120 kg·hm^(-2);N3:240 kg·hm^(-2);N4:360 kg·hm^(-2))were set up.The results showed that compared with N1,the nitrogen application levels of N2,N3 and N4 significantly increased the fresh,hay and total yield of maize and legume crops,in which the total fresh grass yield increased by 29.60%,57.83%and 61.45%and the total hay yield increased by 30.73%,59.14%and 61.27%,respectively.Moreover,the total yield of fresh grass and hay grass of FM treatment was significantly increased by 5.74%and 6.26%than that of M treatment.Compared with N1,the nitrogen application levels of N3 and N4 significantly reduced soil water storage during harvest,but there was no significant difference in water consumption,while it significantly improved the water use efficiency of population(WUE_(B)).The WUE_(B) of FM was significantly higher than that of M treatment.Compared with N1,the nitrogen application levels of N2,N3 and N4 significantly increased the nitrogen content and absorption of maize and legumes.Compared with N4,the nitrogen application levels of N3 significantly increased the nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)of silage maize,legume crops and population.The total nitrogen content and absorption under the FM and LM treatments were significantly higher than that of M treatment,and the NUE of FM was significantly higher than that of LM.The highest WUEB(65.22 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1))and NUE(1.21 kg·kg^(-1))were obtained under the FM-N3 treatment.In conclusion,the FM-N3 treatment is the most suitable management pract

关 键 词：施氮 青贮玉米 豆科作物 产量 水氮利用 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S548