论高丽、朝鲜词的单字领字  

The Beginning Single Word of Song Lyrics in Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty

作　　者：汪超[1] Wang Chao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院

出　　处：《国学学刊》2021年第2期115-123,143,144,共11页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：领字是词体重要的体性特征,或是介乎词体格律与创作风气之间的写作惯例。今统计《全高丽朝鲜词》,发现高丽、朝鲜时代作者运用次数越多的例用领字词牌,通常也是领字运用较为妥帖的词牌。从时代看,高丽、朝鲜时代的单字领字运用妥帖度呈现明显的下降走势。整体上说,这与词乐失传、东国词人不熟悉词体,以及本土意识上升导致的主观意愿缺失有较大关系。从技术层面说,形成领字异常的原因主要有填词所据原词、词篇上下文文意、词作者破体为词影响。相比打破诗体束缚的中国词人而言,高丽、朝鲜词人更愿意以单字领字回归诗体的律句与句法,或者形成散文句法。从艺术创作的角度看,或许比强行效法中国词人的领字用法更有利情感的抒发与词作的文意畅达。The beginning words which lead the following sentences is an important feature of the style of song lyrics,or a writing convention that is somewhere between the metrical pattern of song lyrics and the writing style.By counting the tune-names of song lyrics with beginning words in The Complete Collection of Goryeo Korean Song Lyrics,we can see that the most used tune-names are the best ones in using the beginning words.Furthermore,we can also find that the qualified use of the beginning single word in the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty shows a distinctive downward trend.Generally speaking,it can be related to the lost of the song-lyric music,the Korean poets being unfamiliar with the style and the lack of motivation to comply with a foreign style under the rising local consciousness.Technically speaking,the abnormal using of the beginning words can be attributed to the affection of the original works,the meaning in the specific context and the poet’s activity of breaking the style.Compared to the Chinese poets who intended to overcome the influences of the metrical patterns of poetry,the poets in the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty would rather like to approach the metical patterns of poetry even the syntax of prose by using the beginning single word.In the view of artistic creation,it may be better for expressing their emotions and keeping a smooth writing than imitating the usage of beginning word in Chinese song lyrics strictly.

关 键 词：高丽、朝鲜词 领字 词体 词牌 

分 类 号：I312.073[文学—其他各国文学]