家庭背景、高中质量与高等教育机会差异  

Family Background,Quality of High School and the Opportunity Inequality of College Admissions

作　　者：罗楚亮 汪鲸 Luo Chuliang;Wang Jing(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of ChinaBusiness School,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院 [2]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院

出　　处：《宏观质量研究》2021年第4期110-128,共19页Journal of Macro-quality Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA080)的资助。

摘　　要：通过中国收入分配课题组(CHIP)于2002、2013和2018年的全国住户调查数据,讨论了19至30岁人群的高等教育机会及其与家庭社会经济状况的关联。虽然高等教育经历了大幅度扩招,但家庭背景对子女高等教育机会依然有显著影响。父母受教育程度、重点高中、家庭收入,对于子女接受高等教育的机会都有正向影响。从各因素的相对贡献来看,重点高中、父母受教育程度和家庭收入对于高等教育机会具有重要的解释作用,这一特征无论对于城市还是农村、男性还是女性都成立。采用Oaxaca分解思路对城乡之间和性别之间高等教育机会的差距、不同人群在2002年和2018年之间的高等教育机会变化进行分解分析,同样发现父母受教育程度、重点高中和家庭收入是城乡之间高等教育机会差距最为重要的解释因素;高等教育的性别差距中,除了父母受教育程度和重点高中的解释作用外,城乡家庭对于子女的性别观念差异以及家庭内部教育资源配置的性别差异也具有重要影响;在不同年份的高等教育机会增长中,家庭收入和重点高中是最为重要的解释因素,这一特征对于不同人群也都成立。Using the household surveys conducted by China Household Income Project(CHIP)at 2002,2013 and 2018,this paper focuses on the inequality in opportunities of college admissions for the people aged between nineteen and thirty as well as the impacts exerted by household socioeconomic characteristics.Parents’educational level,family income and the quality of high school which they go to are found to play an increasing and positive role in the determination of college admissions,although the college admission has experienced dramatic expansion.According to the relative contribution to college admissions by dominance analysis,the aforementioned three factors are crucial to college admissions,for urban and rural,female and male alike.Oaxaca decomposition is conducted on the urban-rural gap,gender gap and changes in the opportunities of college admissions from 2002 to 2018.In which it is evidenced that Parents’educational level,family income and quality of high school prove to be the major contributors to the urban-rural gap.The gender gap in college admissions is mainly explained by parents’educational level,quality of high school and urban-rural status,while the use of the increasing opportunities of college admission from 2002 to 2018 is mainly affected by family income and the quality of high school that they attend.

关 键 词：高等教育机会差异 家庭背景 OAXACA分解 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]