脑磁图仪的前世今生与未来  

Magnetoencephalography:the past,present and future

作　　者：盛经纬 高家红 SHENG Jing-Wei;GAO Jia-Hong(Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;McGovern Institute for Brain Research,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院磁共振成像研究中心,北京100871 [2]北京大学物理学院医学物理和工程北京市重点实验室,北京100871 [3]北京大学IDG麦戈文脑科学研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《物理》2021年第7期463-469,共7页Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:81727808,81790650,81790651);北京市科学技术委员会北京脑计划(批准号:Z181100001518003)资助项目。

摘　　要：脑磁图仪通过记录大脑神经活动在头皮外产生的磁场来进行脑活动的成像,它具备超高的时间分辨率和较高的空间分辨率,是一种重要的无创脑功能成像技术。文章介绍了脑磁信号的神经生理起源、生物物理特征及其与脑电信号的联系和区别,回顾了当前基于超导量子干涉仪的脑磁图设备与相关技术,并针对制约当前超导脑磁图发展的技术瓶颈,介绍了基于原子磁强计的新型脑磁探测技术及国内相关研究的最新进展,指出了脑磁图在脑科学研究及临床应用中不可或缺的地位和其硬件技术未来发展的方向。Magnetoencephalography(MEG)is a non-invasive functional brain imaging technique that detects and maps the magnetic fields generated by neural activities.It has a combination of ultra-high temporal resolution and relatively high spatial resolution.In this paper,the neurophysiological and biophysical basis of MEG signals is described.While sharing some similarities with electroencephalography,MEG has different distinct features.We first review the current traditional MEG system that employs a superconducting quantum interference device(SQUID)and related technologies.In response to its limitations,a new technique to detect magnetic fields in the brain has been developed based on the optically-pumped magnetometer(OPM).From this we observe that MEG is an irreplaceable functional brain imaging modality for both neuroscience research and clinical applications,and that OPM technology has the great potential to open up a new avenue for the future development of MEG.

关 键 词：脑磁图 超导量子干涉仪 原子磁强计 脑功能成像 

分 类 号：R741.044[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]