教育惩戒的制度困境与立法考量  

System Dilemma and Legislative Consideration of Educational Disciplinary

作　　者：左崇良 胡劲松[3] Zuo Chongliang;Hu Jingsong(Hengyang Normal University;South China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]衡阳师范学院 [2]厦门大学 [3]华南师范大学教育科学学院

出　　处：《当代教育科学》2021年第7期37-45,共9页Contemporary Education Sciences

基　　金：湖南省社科基金教育学专项课题“法治视野下教育惩戒的权责边界与制度优化研究”(项目编号:JJ210720)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：教育惩戒是学校和教师对违规违纪学生施加的矫治行为,是矫正学生过失、警示他人、维护秩序的教育方式。教育惩戒具有自身独特的功能和作用,然而,我国教育惩戒权的实施陷入认知困境和制度困境。基于观念嬗变,教育惩戒规则出台。但是,教育惩戒权的运行呈现出惧用和滥用的两极化态势;教育惩戒实施的规定过于原则化,多数教师踯躅于惩与不惩之间;教育惩戒的属性不明朗,权力的制度化和权利的制度化存在着冲突。教育惩戒立法的难题,考验着立法部门和教育部门的智慧。我国教育惩戒的立法必须做到科学规范、明确教育惩戒权的性质和分类,规范教育惩戒权行使的正当程序和法律救济,做好教育惩戒权行使的相关保障。Educational disciplinary is the corrective behavior imposed by schools and teachers on students who violate rules and disciplines.It is an educational method to correct students’faults,warn others,and maintain order.Educational disciplinary has its own unique functions and effects.However,the implementation of the power of education disciplinary in our country has fallen into a cognitive dilemma and institutional dilemma.Based on the evolution of ideas,the gradual progress of educational punishment has gradually become closer,and the rules of educational disciplinary have been promulgated.However,the power of educational disciplinary has a polarized operation of fear and abuse;the provisions of educational disciplinary are principled,and most teachers are between punishment and impunity;the nature of educational disciplinary is not clear.There is a conflict between the institutionalization of power and the institutionalization of rights.The legislative problem of education disciplinary tests the wisdom of education departments and legislative departments.Educational disciplinary legislation must be scientifically standardized,clarify the nature and classification of educational punishment powers,standardize the due process and legal remedies for the exercise of educational punishment powers,and provide relevant guarantees for the exercise of educational punishment powers.

关 键 词：教育惩戒 制度困境 立法考量 科学规范 正当程序 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]