水肥管理对热带地区双季稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响  

Effects of Water and Fertilization Management on CH and NO Emissions in Double-rice Paddy Fields in Tropical Regions

作　　者：李金秋 邵晓辉 缑广林 邓艺欣 谭诗敏 徐文娴 杨秋[2] 刘文杰[2] 伍延正 孟磊[1] 汤水荣 LI Jin-qiu;SHAO Xiao-hui;GOU Guang-lin;DENG Yi-xin;TAN Shi-min;XU Wen-xian;YANG Qiu;LIU Wen-jie;WU Yan-zheng;MENG Lei;TANG Shui-rong(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570228 [2]海南大学生态与环境学院,海口570228

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第7期3458-3471,共14页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41807022);海南大学高层次人才科研启动基金项目(KYQD(ZR)1858);海南省自然科学基金项目(2019RC064)。

摘　　要：水稻土被广泛认为是甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)主要排放源,深入研究不同水肥管理条件下热带地区双季稻田CH4和N_(2)O的排放特征,对补充我国双季稻田温室气体排放研究的不足意义重大.本研究设置8个处理:常规灌溉-施磷钾肥(D-PK)、常规灌溉-施氮磷钾肥(D-NPK)、常规灌溉-施氮磷钾+有机肥(D-NPK+M)、常规灌溉-施有机肥(D-M)、长期淹水-施磷钾肥(F-PK)、长期淹水-施氮磷钾肥(F-NPK)、长期淹水-施氮磷钾+有机肥(F-NPK+M)和长期淹水-施有机肥(F-M).采用密闭静态箱-气相色谱法测定双季稻田CH4和N_(2)O排放量,测定水稻产量和估算全球增温潜势(GWP)及温室气体排放强度(GHGI).结果表明:(1)早稻季和晚稻季CH4累积排放量分别为10.3~78.9 kg·hm^(-2)和84.6~185.5 kg·hm^(-2).与F-PK和F-NPK处理相比,早稻季F-NPK+M和F-M处理显著增加CH4累积排放量.同一施肥条件下,长期淹水处理CH4累积排放量高于常规灌溉处理.灌溉和施肥极显著影响早稻季CH4累积排放量.(2)早稻季和晚稻季N_(2)O累积排放量分别为0.18~0.76kg·hm^(-2)和0.15~0.58 kg·hm^(-2).与F-PK处理相比,早稻季F-NPK处理N_(2)O累积排放量显著增加;与D-PK相比,D-NPK、D-NPK+M和D-M处理显著增加N_(2)O累积排放量.与F-PK相比,晚稻季长期淹水其它处理N_(2)O累积排放量显著增加;与D-PK处理相比,D-NPK和D-M处理N_(2)O累积排放量显著增加.施肥极显著影响早稻季N_(2)O排放;灌溉和施肥极显著影响晚稻季N_(2)O排放.(3)早稻和晚稻产量分别为7310.7~9402.4 kg·hm^(-2)和3902.8~7354.6 kg·hm^(-2),且F-NPK和F-M处理下早稻产量显著高于F-PK和D-NPK、D-PK和D-NPK处理.与PK处理相比,同一灌溉条件下其余3种施肥处理均显著增加晚稻产量.早稻季GWP和GHGI分别为580.8~2818.5kg·hm^(-2)和0.08~0.30 kg·kg^(-1).与F-PK处理相比,常规灌溉条件下早稻季各施肥处理间GWP无显著性差异;但长期淹水条件下F-NPK+M和F-M处理GWP均显著增加Paddy soils are widely considered a main source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N_(2)O).Comprehensively evaluating CH4and N_(2)O emissions from double-rice systems in tropical regions with different water irrigation and fertilizer applications is of great significance for addressing greenhouse gas emissions from such systems in China.In this study,eight treatments were evaluated:conventional irrigation-PK fertilizer (D-PK),conventional irrigation-NPK fertilizer (D-NPK),conventional irrigation-NPK+organic fertilizer (D-NPK+M),conventional irrigation-organic fertilizer (D-M),continuous flooding-PK fertilizer (F-PK),continuous flooding-NPK fertilizer (F-NPK),continuous flooding-NPK+organic fertilizer (F-NPK+M),and continuous flooding-organic fertilizer (F-M).CH4and N_(2)O emissions in double-rice fields in tropical region of china were monitored in situ by closed static chamber-chromatography method and crop yields as well as global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI)were determined.The results show that:(1) The cumulative CH4emissions from early rice and late rice are 10.3-78.9 kg·hm^(-2)and84.6-185.5 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.Compared with F-PK and F-NPK treatments,F-NPK+M and F-M treatments significantly increased the cumulative emissions of CH4from early rice season.Under the same fertilizer conditions,the cumulative CH4emissions under continuous flooding condition were significantly higher than that under conventional irrigation condition.Irrigation and fertilizationhad extremely significant effects on CH4emission in the early rice season.(2) The cumulative N_(2)O emissions across all treatments were0.18-0.76 kg·hm^(-2)in early rice season and 0.15-0.58 kg·hm^(-2)in late rice season,respectively.During early rice season,compared with F-PK,F-NPK significantly increased the cumulative N_(2)O emission;however,compared with D-PK,D-NPK,D-NPK+M,and D-M treatments significantly increased the cumulative N_(2)O emissions.Compared with F-PK,other three treatments under continuous flooding co

关 键 词：水肥管理 热带地区 双季稻田 温室气体排放 全球增温潜势 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]