成都平原氮磷化肥施用强度空间分布及影响因素分析  

Analysis of Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Intensity in Chengdu Plain

作　　者：刘奇鑫 王昌全 李冰 赵海岚 方红艳 邓茜 李启权 LIU Qi-xin;WANG Chang-quan;LI Bing;ZHAO Hai-lan;FANG Hong-yan;DENG Xi;LI Qi-quan(College of Resources,Sichuan Agriculture University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130

出　　处：《环境科学》2021年第7期3555-3564,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800605);四川省科技厅应用基础重大前沿项目(2018JY0002)。

摘　　要：掌握化肥施用强度的空间分布及影响因素,对施肥的精准管理和污染防控意义重大.以往研究多限于人为因素的探讨而缺乏自然地理因素对化肥施用强度空间分布的影响分析.基于成都平原23492个点位的化肥调研数据,结合地统计学方法和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,探究该区域2010~2015年均氮和磷化肥施用强度的空间分布特征及影响因素.结果表明:(1)研究区2010~2015年均氮和磷化肥施用强度总体处于120~360 kg·hm^(-2)和60~180 kg·hm^(-2)的中低风险强度.高风险强度主要分布在郫都、彭州、什邡、龙泉驿和金堂等粮(果)蔬种植区,相对低值区多分布在南部和东北部;(2)氮和磷化肥施用强度的块金系数为66.17%和41.60%,其空间分布受结构性和随机性因素共同作用决定,呈中等空间自相关性;(3)人为和自然因素均对氮和磷化肥施用强度的空间分布影响显著.种植作物类型(细分类)能独立解释12.90%和25.10%的施氮和施磷空间变异,是影响氮和磷施用强度空间分布的主控因子;成土母质的重要性仅次于种植作物类型,且对于施磷强度独立解释能力约是施氮强度的3.6倍.在种植作物类型起主要决定作用时,成土母质仍深刻制约和影响研究区氮和磷化肥施用强度的空间分布.因此,进行化肥施用管理和环境风险分析时需重点考虑种植作物类型和成土母质的综合作用,在磷肥施用方面更应关注成土母质的影响.The spatial distribution of fertilization intensity and its influencing factors are significant for the accurate management of fertilization and pollution prevention and control. Previous studies are mostly limited to the discussion of human factors that influences the spatial distribution of fertilization intensity while ignoring natural geographical factors. Based on the chemical fertilizer survey data collected from 23 492 sites in Chengdu Plain and combined with Geostatistics analysis and Geographic Information System( GIS)technology,the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of average nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application intensity from 2010 to 2015 in this region were explored. The results show that:(1) the average annual application intensity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the study area from 2010 to 2015 is generally in the low and medium risk intensity of 120-360 kg·hm^(-2) and60-180 kg·hm^(-2). The high risk intensity is mainly distributed in the grain( fruit) and vegetable growing areas such as Pidu,Pengzhou,Shifang,Longquanyi and Jintang,while the relatively low value areas are mostly distributed in the south and northeast.(2) the nugget coefficients of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application intensities are 66. 17% and 41. 60%. Their spatial distribution is determined by structural and random factors,showing a moderate spatial autocorrelation.(3) both human and natural factors have significant effects on the application intensity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. The crop type( fine classification) can explain the spatial variation of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer respectively by 12. 90% and 25. 10%,which is the main controlling factor affecting the spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus application intensity;the importance of soil parent material is second only to the planting crop type,and the independent explanation ability of phosphorus application intensity is about 3. 6 times higher than that of nitrogen applicatio

关 键 词：成都平原 化肥施用强度 种植作物类型 成土母质 空间分布 影响因素 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]