中国北方农牧交错区生态脆弱性时空演变格局与驱动因素——以盐池县为例  

Spatiotemporal evolution pattern and driving factors of ecological vulnerability in agro-pastoral region in northern China:A case of Yanchi County in Ningxia

作　　者：黄越[1] 程静 王鹏[2] HUANG Yue;CHENG Jing;WANG Peng(Department of Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;School of Resources and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学科技处,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学资源环境学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2021年第4期1175-1185,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41761116)资助。

摘　　要：生态脆弱性是当前全球环境变化与区域可持续发展研究的重点,也是生态文明建设和绿色发展研究的热点。以中国北方农牧交错区盐池县为例,基于2000—2017年3期遥感数据,运用景观格局指数法、空间自相关以及地理探测器等模型对研究区生态脆弱性时空演变格局及其驱动因素进行综合评价。结果显示:(1)研究区草地分布广泛,且面积逐年增加,耕地和未利用地面积分别减少44673.7 hm^(2)和73033.1 hm^(2),林地、水域和建设用地面积增加迅速,年均变化率分别为2.86%、2.15%和4.80%;(2)景观斑块数量减少,破碎度趋于缓和,不同类型景观彼此之间具有良好的连接性,景观格局趋向规则、连续的整体演变;研究区景观生态脆弱性逐年下降,高脆弱分布区主要分布在北部的高沙窝镇、花马池镇以及西部的惠安堡镇,低脆弱区主要分布在东南部的麻黄山镇、大水坑镇以及青山乡等地区,且低脆弱区范围由东南向西北延伸;空间自相关Moran’s I大于0.52,表明存在正相关,空间具有显著的集聚性和异质性,且呈现出“东南低,西北高”的分布格局;地理探测器结果显示景观斑块数、破碎度、优势度以及香浓多样性指数是影响研究区生态脆弱性空间异质性的主要因素。Ecological vulnerability is a current focus of research on global environmental changes and regional sustainable development,as well as of research on ecological civilization construction and green development.In this study,Yanchi County in Ningxia,which is an agro-pastoral area in northern China,was taken as an example.Three remote sensing datasets were collected from 2000 to 2017,and the landscape pattern index method,grid technology,spatial autocorrelation analysis,and geographic detector models were used to assess the ecological vulnerability of the study area.The temporal and spatial patterns and their driving factors were evaluated comprehensively.The results showed that,during the study period,the landscape of Yanchi County was dominated by grassland and cultivated land.Together,the two land types accounted for more than 70% of the total study area.The grassland increased in area each year at an average annual rate of 0.82%.The farm land and unused land decreased in area by 44673.7 and 73033.1 hm2,respectively.The woodland,water,and construction land types increased rapidly in area at average annual rates of 2.86%,2.15%,and 4.80%,respectively.The number of patches of landscape in the study area decreased over time;the degree of fragmentation decreased,and the different land types had good connectivity.Generally,the land types showed regular and continuous evolution,and the ecological vulnerability of the study area decreased each year.Ecologically fragile areas were mainly distributed in Gaoshawo Town and Huamachi Town in the north and Huianbu Town in the west.Less ecologically fragile areas were mainly distributed in Mahuangshan Town,Dashuikeng Town,and Qingshan Township in the southeast.The less ecologically fragile area was continuously distributed from southeast to northwest,and the spatial autocorrelation Morans I was greater than 0.52,which indicates a positive correlation and represents significant agglomeration and heterogeneity.The results indicated that the number of landscape patches,landscape f

关 键 词：生态脆弱性 时空演变 空间自相关 地理探测器 中国北方农牧交错区 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]