不同定植年限核桃园土壤细菌群落多样性及碳代谢功能特征  

Soil bacterial community diversity and carbon source metabolism function in walnut orchard with different stand ages

作　　者：顾美英[1] 徐万里[2] 马凯[3] 冯雷 张志东[1] 欧提库尔•玛合木提 朱静[1] 唐光木[2] 唐琦勇[1] 楚敏[1] GU Mei-ying;XU Wan-li;MA Kai;FENG Lei;ZHANG Zhi-dong;OUTIKUER·Mahmut;ZHU Jing;TANG Guang-mu;TANG Qi-yong;CHU Min(Institute of Microbiology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Horticulture Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所/新疆特殊环境微生物实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第7期2045-2056,共12页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2018D01A43)资助。

摘　　要：为了解核桃园土壤细菌群落随定植年限的变化规律,采用高通量测序技术与Biolog ECO微平板相结合的方法,测定定植1~3、5、8~10、15和20~25年核桃园表层(0~20 cm)和亚表层(20~40 cm)土壤细菌群落多样性和碳代谢功能多样性,并与土壤理化性质进行相关性分析。高通量测序表明,核桃园土壤细菌群落存在明显表聚现象,定植5年以后,表层土壤OTUs数量和多样性指数高于亚表层土壤。变形菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门是优势菌门,随着定植时间延长,不同土层其丰度总体呈先升高后降低趋势。对已明确分类的优势属而言,不同土层总体均表现出定植10年左右相对丰度最高。Biolog碳代谢功能分析表明,核桃园表层土壤细菌活性显著低于亚表层土壤。随着定植年限延长土壤细菌活性和Shannon指数先升高后降低,10~15年左右细菌代谢活性和多样性最高。表层土壤细菌对氨基酸类和多聚物类碳源的利用呈逐渐升高趋势,其余先升高后降低;亚表层除酚酸类碳源的利用程度升高外,其余碳源的利用均下降。相关性分析表明,表层土壤细菌群落Shannon多样性指数与理化性质呈负相关,Simpson多样性指数与理化性质呈正相关,pH、总盐和养分是影响表层土壤细菌多样性的主要因素。核桃定植1~3年和20~25年左右不同土层细菌群落多样性和对碳源利用均明显较低,加剧了土壤微生态失衡,应合理添加微生物菌肥和有机肥,以改善核桃园土壤微生态环境。To understand the variation of bacterial communities in soils of walnut orchard with different planting years,we measured soil bacterial community diversity and carbon source metabolism function in the surface(0-20 cm)and subsurface(20-40 cm)layers of walnut orchard with different planting years(1-3,5,8-10,15 and 20-25 years)by using high-throughput sequencing and Biolog ECO microplate.The correlations between diversities of bacterial community and carbon source metabolism function with soil physicochemical properties were analyzed.The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that bacterial communities showed surface accumulation in soils.After five years of planting,the number of OTUs and diversity indices in surface layer were higher than that in subsurface layer.Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Actinomycetes,and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacteria phyla.With the extension of planting years,the relative abundance in different soil layers showed a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing.The relative abundance of clearly classified dominant genera in soil of 10 years planting was the highest.Biolog analysis results showed that bacterial activities in the surface layer were significantly lower than those in the subsurface layer.With the extension of planting years,bacterial activities and Shannon diversity index increased first and then decreased.Orchard with 8-10 years and 15 years planting history had the highest bacterial metabolic activities and diversities.The utilization of amino acids and polymers by surface soil bacteria increased gradually,while the utilization of other carbon sources increased first and then decreased.In subsurface layer,the utilization of all carbon sources decreased except phenolic acids.There were negative correlations between Shannon diversity index and physicochemical properties of surface layer,and positive correlations between Simpson diversity index and physicochemical properties.Total salt content,p H and nutrients were the main factors affecting the bacterial divers

关 键 词：定植年限 核桃园 土壤细菌群落多样性 高通量测序 BIOLOG 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S664.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]