皇帝制与儒家士大夫政治——以《明夷待访录》为中心的考察  

The Emperor System and the Confucian Scholar-Official Politics--A Case Study of Huang Zongxi’s Waiting for the Dawn:A Plan for the Prince

作　　者：程农 Cheng Nong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2021年第2期48-60,198,共14页Journal of the History of Political Thought

摘　　要：以儒家士大夫为统治精英主体是中华帝国经过长期摸索而形成的一个基本特征。这一政治形态的形成与展开是需要结构性条件的,皇权一统就是其中的关键部分。在《明夷待访录》里,黄宗羲一方面要求消除世袭君主的道德光环与至尊威严,但保留以皇帝为枢纽的中央集权体系这一基本结构;另一方面,他又设想要全面扩展儒家士大夫的统治。这个思想实验给我们理解儒家士大夫统治与中央集权体系的结构性关系提供了一个难得的机会。他的许多设计都显示,儒家士大夫统治深刻地依赖着皇权一统的结构。Taking Confucian scholars as the ruling group was an essential feature of the Imperial China.It took certain institutional arrangements for this ruling to take shape,and among them the emperor system was a key element.In his Waiting for the Dawn:A Plan for the Prince,Huang Zongxi intends to deprive the emperor of his moral aura and supreme status,but leave intact the centralized bureaucracy with the emperor as the pivot.But in the same text he also attempts to expand the ruling of Confucian Scholar-Officials to an unprecedented level.This thought experiment makes an unusual case for us to examine the structural relationship between the Confucianist ruling and the centralized bureaucracy.Many details in his plan help reveal the deep dependence of the Confucian Scholar-Official ruing upon the centralized imperial system.

关 键 词：黄宗羲 《明夷待访录》 士大夫政治 皇帝制度 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学]