基于激光干涉的微重力加速度测量方法  

Microgravity acceleration measurement method based on laser interference

作　　者：段文祥 李楠[2] 董文博 DUAN Wenxiang;LI Nan;DONG Wenbo(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Key Laboratory of Space Utilization,Technology and Engineering Center for space Utilization,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院太空应用重点实验室,中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京100094

出　　处：《中国惯性技术学报》2021年第2期229-236,共8页Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology

基　　金：中科院科研项目(YJKYYQ20180017)。

摘　　要：为了研究环境的微重力水平及其对科学实验的影响,通常使用石英挠性或静电悬浮等力平衡式加速度计测量微重力大小,但两者都属于相对加速度测量,石英挠性加速度计有偏值,精度有限,静电悬浮式则量程较小。受绝对重力仪的启发,提出使用激光干涉方式测量绝对微重力的方法,以期取得更好的测量精度。相较于传统的微重力测量手段,通过改进的马赫-曾德尔干涉方法,周期性测量目标质量块的绝对位移,进而通过软件拟合,得到微重力加速度变化值。首先采用数值仿真模拟落塔运行过程中运行状态、微重力来源以及误差来源,定性分析其运动过程。指标分析与仿真表明微重力加速度测量频率在100 Hz时,精度可以达到测量值的10-4量级,在1 Hz时,精度可以达到测量值的10-6量级。研制了地面样机,进行了重力加速度的实验,以及通过小型落塔设备进行的微重力实验,通过信号处理,解算实际加速度值,并与理论值进行比较。微重力实验结果验证了利用激光干涉仪测量微重力加速度的可行性。In order to study the level of microgravity environment and its influence on scientific experiments,force balance accelerometers such as quartz flexible accelerometers or electrostatic levitation accelerometers are usually used to measure the size of microgravity.However,both of them belong to relative acceleration measurement.Quartz flexible addition has bias value and limited accuracy,and the range of electrostatic levitation is small.Inspired by the absolute gravimeter,a method of measuring absolute microgravity by laser interferometry is proposed in order to obtain better measurement precision.Compared with the traditional microgravity measurement means,the improved Mach-Zehnder interference method is used to periodically measure the absolute displacement of the target mass block,and then obtained the change value of microgravity acceleration through software fitting.Firstly,numerical simulation is used to simulate the running state,microgravity source and error source of the falling tower in the process of operation,and the qualitative analysis of its movement process.The measurement frequency accuracy of microgravity acceleration can reach 10-4 of the measured value when it is 100 Hz,and 10-6 of the measured value when it is 1 Hz.The ground prototype was developed,the gravity acceleration experiment was carried out,and the microgravity experiment was carried out by the small falling tower equipment.Through signal processing,the actual acceleration value was solved,and compared with the theoretical value,the experimental results verified the feasibility of measuring the microgravity acceleration with the laser interferometer.

关 键 词：微重力 激光干涉 加速度计 落塔 

分 类 号：P164[天文地球—天文学]