金枪鱼延绳钓渔获性能研究进展  

A review of tuna longline catch performance

作　　者：宋利明[1,2,3,4] 许回 SONG Liming;XU Hui(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学,远洋渔业协同创新中心,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第7期925-937,共13页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0901205);2016年农业部海洋渔业资源调查与探捕项目(D-8006-16-8045).

摘　　要：金枪鱼延绳钓渔获性能主要按目标鱼种和兼捕物种渔获效率进行评价。对其研究有助于改进延绳钓渔具渔法,提高目标鱼种捕捞效率和减少兼捕。本文以时间顺序为主对国内外关于金枪鱼延绳钓渔获性能研究的文献进行梳理,从钓具选择性、钓钩深度、饵料选择性、环境因素以及钓具浸泡时长等方面概括了金枪鱼延绳钓渔获性能的研究进展,并提出存在的不足和建议,为金枪鱼延绳钓渔获性能的研究提供参考。前人研究取得的成果有:(1)不同鱼种最佳作业深度和钓具浸泡时长不同;(2)较大尺寸的圆形钩能减少兼捕;(3)拟饵也具有选择性,鱼类饵料和蓝色染色饵料有利于减少兼捕;(4)具体水层的环境因素对延绳钓渔获性能影响较大。建议今后金枪鱼延绳钓渔获性能研究应:(1)确定钓钩最佳沉降速度和深度;(2)分水层建立不同物种渔获性能预测模型;(3)针对不同的目标鱼种探索最佳尺寸和钩形;(4)研究不同气味和颜色的饵料或拟饵对物种选择性的影响;(5)考虑诱饵、钓钩类型和尺寸和钓具浸泡时长对渔获率、死亡率、兼捕率和兼捕物种释放后存活率的潜在协同效应。The catch performance of tuna longlines was evaluated across two aspects:the catch rate of the target species and the bycatch rate of bycatch species.The aim of this review was to provide references for modifying the longline gear and fishing method,to improve the capture efficiency of target fish species and reduce bycatch rate.Based on the time series,we review the literature on the catch performance of tuna longlines;summarize the research progress of tuna longline catch performance from influence factors of longline fishing gear selectivity,hook depth,bait selectivity,environmental factors,and fishing gear soaking time;and present the existing drawbacks and suggestions for future research.The findings of previous studies are as follows:(1)the optimal operation depth and soaking duration of longline gear differ between different species;(2)larger circle hooks can reduce bycatch rate;(3)artificial bait exhibits selectivity,and fish bait and blue dyed bait can reduce bycatch rate;and(4)the environmental factors of the specific water layer significantly influences catch performance.Based on this review,we suggest that future study on the performance of tuna longline fishing gear should(1)determine the optimal sinking speed and depth of the hook;(2)establish a catch performance prediction model for different species in different water layers;(3)explore the optimum hook type and size for the targeted species;(4)focus on species selectivity by different odors and colors of natural and artificial bait;and(5)consider the potential synergistic effect of bait type,hook type and size,fishing gear soaking duration,bycatch rate,mortality rate,and post-release survival rate of the bycatch species.

关 键 词：延绳钓 渔获性能 选择性 环境因子 

分 类 号：S972[农业科学—捕捞与储运]