不同成熟度青花椒的品质  

Quality of Zanthoxylum armatum with Different Maturity

作　　者：李佩洪[1] 陈政[1] 曾攀[1] 龚霞[1] 唐亚 张艳 温铿 王海峰 LI Peihong;CHEN Zheng;ZENG Pan;GONG Xia;TANG Ya;ZHANG Yan;WEN Keng;WANG Haifeng(Sichuan Academy of Botanical Engineering,Zizhong,Sichuan 641200,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省植物工程研究院,四川资中641200

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2021年第5期82-87,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省省级公益性科研单位基本科研专项(2019YSKY001201)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明青花椒不同成熟度果实的品质变化,为青花椒最适采收期提供参考。【方法】通过GC-MS联用技术连续测定青花椒挥发油含量及其成分,通过HPLC-MS法测定青花椒麻味素含量及其成分,分析其在青花椒成熟过程中的变化情况。【结果】青花椒挥发油中共定性鉴定出29种化合物,其中百分含量>1%的8种,这8种化合物占青花椒挥发油总量的90%以上。含量最多的为芳樟醇,其次为D-柠檬烯。青花椒麻味物质主要成分是羟基-ε-山椒素、羟基-α-山椒素、羟基-β-山椒素和羟基-γ-山椒素,其中羟基-量呈先增后降趋势,6月中旬达峰值。【结论】成熟早期到中期青花椒果实挥发油和麻味素快速积累,达相对稳定状态时即可采摘,此阶段采摘的青花椒综合性状表现比较好;若以提取青花椒麻味素为主要利用方向,采摘时间控制在青花椒果实成熟早期到中期的过渡期;若以提取青花椒挥发油为主要利用方向,青花椒果实成熟中晚期均可采摘。【Objective】The study aims to explore the quality variation of Zanthoxylumarmatumfruit with different maturity to provide a reference for the optimum harvesting time of Z.armatum.【Method】GC-MS technology is used to determine volatile oil content and component of Z.armatumcontinuously.The sanshool content and component of Z.armatumare determined by using HPLC-MS method,and the variation of sanshool in maturity process of Z.armatumare analyzed.【Result】A total of 29 compounds are identified in volatile oil of Z.armatum.There are eight compounds with percentage content>1%,accounting for more than 90%of the total amount of volatile oil in Z.armatum.The content of linalool is the highest,followed by D-limonene.The main components of spicy components in Z.armatumcontain hydroxy-ε-sanshool,hydroxy-α-sanshool,hydroxy-β-sanshool and hydroxy-γ-sanshool.Among them,increases slowly and is relatively stable until early June.The sanshool content of Z.armatumshows a first rising and then decreasing trend,and reaches the peak in middle June.【Conclusion】The volatile oil and sanshool in fruit of Z.armatum are accumulated rapidly from early to middle stage of maturity,when reaching a stable state,the fruit can be harvested.The comprehensive performance of Z.armatum harvested at this stage is better.If sanshool extracted from Z.armatum is as the main utilization direction,the optimum harvesting time is the transition period of early stage to middle stage of maturity of fruit.If volatile oil extracted from Z.armatum is as the main utilization direction,the fruit can be harvested at middle and late stage of maturity.

关 键 词：青花椒 品质分析 成熟度 麻味素 挥发油 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学]