基于定位方式的雷电落点误差分析与筛选方法研究  

Research on Error Analysis and Screening Method of Lightning Drop Point Based on Location Method

作　　者：万协成 唐瑶 薛明 刘艳清 刘凤姣 薛德锋 WAN Xiecheng;TANG Yao;XUE Ming;LIU Yanqing;LIU Fengjiao;XUE Defeng(Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center of Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation , Changsha 410007, China;Jingzhou Meteorological Bureau, Huaihua 418400, China;Xiangxiang Meteorological Bureau, Xiangtan 411100, China;Huaihua Meteorological Bureau , Huaihua 418000, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省气象灾害防御技术中心气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410007 [2]靖州县气象局,湖南靖州4184003 [3]湘乡市气象局,湖南湘乡411400 [4]怀化市气象局,湖南怀化418000

出　　处：《灾害学》2021年第3期41-46,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：中国气象局预报预测核心业务发展专项(CMAHX20160211);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(2006CB200303)。

摘　　要：雷电落点探测误差直接影响雷电灾害的定位确定。雷电定位系统监测到的雷电位置是根据定位方式原理确定的,雷电定位方式包含时差定位和磁方向定位。不同的定位方式可产生不同的定位误差,而雷电落点误差的存在可导致雷电预警、预报、风险区划评估出现错误。为减少由定位方式带来的落点误差,提高雷电数据的可靠性和通用性,根据雷电定位原理,分析了不同定位方式可能出现的位置误差,给出了雷电落点误差的计算模型和方法。结果表明:时差定位精度高于磁方向定位;四种定位方式按优劣排名依次是:三站混合、四站算法、二站混合、二站振幅;落点误差的产生主要来自于二站振幅;二站混合有一定的误差,但比二站振幅小;在湖南,雷电落点误差主要分布在衡阳—郴州、安化—张家界基延线及怀化的新晃、通道等地。并认为:在湖南西部的保靖、西南部的靖州、南部的江华(或附近县)增置测站,可大幅降低湖南雷电探测误差并提高所在地域的探测效率。The lightning location detected by the lightning location system is determined according to the principle of the location mode.The lightning location mode includes the time difference location and magnetic orientation location.Different positioning modes can produce different positioning errors.In order to reduce the distribution error caused by the positioning method and improve the reliability and generality of lightning data,according to the lightning positioning principle,the possible position error of different positioning methods is analyzed,and the calculation model and method of lightning drop point error are given.The results show that the positioning accuracy of time difference is higher than that of magnetic orientation.The four positioning methods are ranked according to their advantages and disadvantages in order:three-station mixing,four-station algorithm,two-station mixing and two-station amplitude;The data of the two stations account for a large proportion and the error is large,so the error correction must be made to the data of the two stations.The fall-point error mainly comes from the amplitude of the two stations.There is some error in the two-station mixing,but the amplitude is smaller than that of the two-station mixing.Within the effective detection range,the amplitude error of the two stations is higher than the mixing error of the two stations,and the former is 2.8 times of the latter.The common point of the two stations amplitude and mixing is the existence of base line error.The amplitude of the two stations has baseline error,and the value is large or uncertain.The amplitude of the two stations has baseline error,and the value is large or uncertain.In Hunan,the lightning drop point errors are mainly distributed in Hengyang-Chenzhou,Jianghua-Zhangjiajie jiyan line and Huaihua xinhuang,channel and other places.It is concluded that the addition of measuring stations in Baojing in the west of Hunan,Jingzhou in the southwest and Jiangyong in the south(or nearby counties)can greatly reduce

关 键 词：雷电灾害 雷电落点 探测原理 定位方式 误差分析 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]