成人及儿童整体运动觉功能的性别差异  

Gender difference for detecting global motion in adults and children

作　　者：韩丁 解偲媛 杜蓓 张洪波 张斌[2] 魏瑞华 Ding Han;Cai-Yuan Xie;Bei Du;Hong-Bo Zhang;Bin Zhang;Rui-Hua Wei(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases,Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease,Eye Institute and School of Optometry,Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital,Tianjin 300384,China;College of Optometry,Nova Southeastern University,Fort Lauderdale,Florida 33328,United States)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学眼科医院,眼视光学院,眼科研究所,国家眼耳鼻喉疾病临床医学研究中心天津市分中心,天津市视网膜功能与疾病重点实验室,中国天津市300384 [2]诺瓦东南大学眼视光学院,美国佛罗里达州劳德代尔堡33328

出　　处：《国际眼科杂志》2021年第8期1326-1332,共7页International Eye Science

基　　金：天津市临床重点学科(专科)建设项目-青年项目(No.TJLCZDXKQ013);天津市滨海新区卫生健康委员会科技项目(No.2019BWKQ033)。

摘　　要：目的:探究20~24岁成人和6~15岁儿童整体运动觉功能的性别差异。方法:本研究共纳入46名20~24岁的成人及227名6~15岁的儿童(按年龄分为5组:6~7岁,8~9岁,10~11岁,12~13岁和14~15岁)。整体运动觉功能应用随机点图法进行检测,包括具有相同运动方向(向上或向下/向左或向右)随机点,其运动速度为1.0及5.0度/秒,本研究共检测4种情况下的整体运动觉功能。检查过程遵循“三下一上”的阶梯法心理物理学检查方法,被检者可以分辨具有相同运动方向的信号点的最小比例为整体运动觉阈值,每种情况下连续测量5次并取均值作为其最终阈值。应用两因素方差分析探讨年龄及性别对整体运动觉功能的影响。结果:信号点以1.0度/秒在垂直方向运动时,性别和年龄均可影响整体运动觉(性别:F=10.533,P=0.001;年龄:F=8.599,P<0.001),成人女性及14~15岁女孩的整体运动觉阈值高于成人男性(P=0.013)及14~15岁男孩(P=0.030)。信号点以1.0度/秒在水平方向运动时,性别和年龄亦可影响整体运动觉(性别:F=12.073,P=0.001;年龄:F=8.724,P<0.001),成人女性及14~15岁女孩的整体运动觉阈值高于成人男性(P=0.004)及14~15岁男孩(P=0.009)。信号点以5.0度/秒在垂直方向运动时,性别可影响整体运动觉(F=6.826,P=0.010),但是成人及儿童间无统计学差异(F=1.085,P=0.369),成人女性阈值高于成人男性(P=0.002)。信号点以5.0度/秒在水平方向运动时,性别和年龄对整体运动觉的影响与同速度垂直方向相似(性别:F=7.775,P=0.006;年龄:F=1.794,P=0.114),成人女性及14~15岁女孩的整体运动觉阈值高于成人男性(P=0.001)及14~15岁男孩(P=0.017)。结论:整体运动觉功能的性别差异仅存在于成人及大于14岁的儿童。AIM:To investigate if there is a gender difference in detecting global motion in adults aged 20-24 years and children aged 6-15 years,respectively.METHODS:A total of 46 adults aged between 20-24 years,and 227 children aged between 6-15 years who were divided into five age groups(6-7 years,8-9 years,10-11 years,12-13 years,and 14-15 years),participated in this study.Global motion detection was evaluated with a random dot kinematogram test,with the proportion of the dots moving at the same direction(up vs down,or left vs right)varied in each trial.The speed of each dot consisted of 1.0 and 5.0 deg/s,therefore four conditions of dots moving were examined in this study.Subjects were asked to identify the direction of the perceived global motion in a three-down-one-up staircase algorithm.The minimal proportion of signal dots moving at the same direction for global motion to be perceived is defined as the threshold.Each subject was measured five times and the mean value was recorded in each condition.Two-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis to accommodate the interaction between the two factors:age and sex maturation.RESULTS:For signal dots moving vertically with 1.0 deg/s,the influence of gender and age on global motion detection was statistically significant(gender:F=10.533,P=0.001;age:F=8.599,P<0.001).The thresholds for adult females and 14-15 years girls were significantly higher than that in adult males(P=0.013)and 14-15 years boys(P=0.030).There was also a similar effect of gender and age for signal dots moving horizontally with 1.0 deg/s(gender:F=12.073,P=0.001;age:F=8.724,P<0.001).The thresholds for adult females and 14-15 years girls were significantly higher than that in adult males(P=0.004)and 14-15 years boys(P=0.009).For signal dots moving vertically with 5.0 deg/s,the influence of gender on global motion detection was statistically significant(F=6.826,P=0.010),while there was no difference between adults and children(F=1.085,P=0.369).The threshold for adult females was significantly higher

关 键 词：性别差异 整体运动觉 成人 儿童 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]