兽医生物制品中常用灭活剂和冻干保护剂研究进展  

Research Progress on Inactivators and Lyoprotectants Commonly Used in Veterinary Biological Products

作　　者：赵成龙 王素春[1] 庄青叶 李阳 潘子豪[4] 孙瑞妮 张富友 肖志宇 梁晚枫[2] 孙福亮[2] 汪洋[6] 黄禹丰 陈海燕 刘华雷[1] 王楷宬[1,7] Zhao Chenglong;Wang Suchun;Zhuang Qingye;Li Yang;Pan Zihao;Sun Ruini;Zhang Fuyou;Xiao Zhiyu;Liang Wanfeng;Sun Fuliang;Wang Yang;Huang Yufeng;Chen Haiyan;Liu Hualei;Wang Kaicheng(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao,Shandong 266032,China;Yanbian University,Yanji,Jilin 133000,China;School of Veterinary Medicine,Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College,Weifang,Shandong 261061,China;Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,Shandong 271018,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471023,China;Qingdao Ycbio Enginccring Co.,Ltd.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering Vaccines.Qingdao,Shandong 266114,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032 [2]延边大学,吉林延吉133000 [3]山东畜牧兽医职业学院动物医学院,山东潍坊261061 [4]南京农业大学,江苏南京210095 [5]山东农业大学,山东泰安271018 [6]河南科技大学动物科技学院,河南洛阳471023 [7]青岛易邦生物工程有限公司,动物基因工程疫苗国家重点实验室,山东青岛266114

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2021年第8期69-74,共6页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：中国动物卫生与流行病学中心创新基金项目;青岛市科技服务计划项目(18-6-3-1-jch)。

摘　　要：微生物灭活和冻干是兽医生物制品制备过程中的常用技术,其对生物制品的抗原含量、核酸含量、免疫原性、稳定性和保存期影响较大。了解不同灭活和冻干技术的原理和适用性,对优化生物制品制备工艺,提高制品质量均有重要意义。常用的灭活剂有β-丙内酯、甲醛、烷化剂、Trizol试剂等,其中使用最多的是甲醛,但其存在破坏免疫原性、有致癌风险、灭活时间长等缺点;常用的冻干保护剂有糖类、氨基酸、蛋白质和大分子明胶等,其中糖类保护剂可使细菌存活率达到83%左右,蛋白质保护剂最高可达94.90%。未来需要研制安全、有效、可控性高的新型灭活剂以及常温的冻干保护剂和稳定的液态保护剂。本文综述了兽医生物制品制备过程中常用灭活剂和冻干剂研究进展,以期为提升生物制品的质量和制备工艺提供参考。Inactivation and freeze-drying of microorganisms have been commonly used during the preparation of veterinary biological products,which bring large influence on the content of antigen and nucleic acid,immunogenicity,stability and storage life of biological products.For optimization of the preparation process and improvement of quality of biological products,it will be very important to study the principles and applicability of different inactivation and freeze-drying techniques.Common inactivators includeβ-propiolactone,formaldehyde,alkylating agent,TRIZOL reagent,etc.,especially formaldehyde although it is with some disadvantages including destroying immunogenicity,carcinogenic risk and long time for inactivation;common lyoprotectants include sugar,amino acid,protein,macromolecular gelatin,etc.,especially saccharide protector that could make the survival rate of bacteria reach about 83%,and protein protectors up to 94.90%.In the future,new inactivators with high safety,effectiveness and operability as well as lyoprotectants at room temperature and stable liquid protectors should be developed.For the purpose of providing a reference for improving quality and preparation process of biological products,the research progress on inactivators and lyoprotectants commonly used in the preparation process were summarized in the paper.

关 键 词：兽用生物制品 灭活剂 冻干保护剂 研究进展 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]