突发公共卫生事件中风险沟通的实践路径——基于世界卫生组织循证文献的扎根理论研究  

The Practice Approach of Risk Communication in Public Health Emergencies——A Grounded Theory Review of World Health Organization’s Evidence

作　　者：桂天晗 钟玮 Gui Tianhan;Zhong Wei(School of Public Policy&Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100083,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2021年第3期113-124,174,共13页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：清华大学自主科研计划(2019THZWJC03)。

摘　　要：近年来的几次国际突发公共卫生事件都表明,有效的风险沟通不仅能够挽救生命并控制疾病,还可以使政府在面对危机时维护社会、经济和政治稳定。本研究全面回顾和分析了世界卫生组织针对前五次国际关注的突发公共卫生事件中各国应对措施的系统性循证评估。基于这些评估文献,本研究通过扎根理论的方法对各国应对突发公共卫生事件的风险沟通实践展开了研究,探索了在国家框架内实现风险沟通所需要的要素、原则和措施,并建构出一套风险沟通机制模型。研究发现,从以往公共卫生危机中的经验来看,国际组织、各国中央和地方政府作为信息发布者需要从纵向和横向上做好统筹协调和信息共享的工作,在沟通时效、沟通内容、沟通方式这三个方面做好规划。与此同时,战略计划、能力建设、专项财政支持则是确保风险沟通措施落地见效的最基本保障机制。结合中国场景,本研究为公共部门设计制定风险沟通战略措施提供了政策建议。Effective risk communication could not only prevent diseases and save lives,but also promote social progress and stability.Thus,this study aims to construct an actionable risk communication model in public health emergencies,and provide policy advice for the government.The study systematically reviewed the World Health Organization’s evaluation of governments’responses to the pandemics declared as Public Health Emergency of International Concern.The documents were analyzed through grounded theory approach.Through analyzing best practices and lessons learnt from the WHO documents,the study constructed a risk communication model in public health emergencies.Based on past experience in public health crises,the study found that international organizations,central and local governments,as information publishers,needs to coordinate and share information vertically and horizontally in terms of the timeline,content,and strategy of communication.Meanwhile,strategic planning,capacity building,and special financial support are the critical guarantee mechanisms to ensure the implementation and effectiveness of the risk communication measures.In the last section,the article provided policy advice on risk communication in public health emergencies in the Chinese context.

关 键 词：风险沟通 突发公共卫生事件 世界卫生组织 扎根理论 最佳实践 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]