梨橙有性多倍体发掘及遗传鉴定  

Exploitation and Genetic Characterization of Sexual Polyploids from Licheng

作　　者：崔璐璐 党江波[1] 韩国辉[2] 郭启高[1] 向素琼[1] 梁国鲁[1] CUI Lu-lu;DANG Jiang-bo;HAN Guo-hui;GUO Qi-gao;XIANG Su-qiong;LIANG Guo-lu(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Horticultural Science for Southern Mountains Regions/Southwest University National Cultivation Base of Crop Adversity Biology for Southern Mountains Regions/Southwest University Academy of Agricultural Sciences/College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715;Fruit Research Institute,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329)

机构地区：[1]南方山地园艺学教育部重点实验室/西南大学南方山地作物逆境生物学国家级培育基地/西南大学农业科学研究院/西南大学园艺园林学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市农业科学院果树研究所,重庆401329

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2021年第4期1000-1008,共9页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：重庆博士后基金特别资助项目(XmT2018056);重庆市科委社会民生科技创新专项(cstc2016shmszx12080003);重庆市基础与前沿研究计划项目(cstc2016jcyjA0046);国家自然科学基金项目(31272138)。

摘　　要：多倍体植株具有少核、有效成分含量高、树形矮化、抗逆性强等特点,在大田作物和果树育种中均有应用。梨橙是我国自主选育的优质甜橙品种,种子单胚,也有少量多胚种子出现。至今未见关于梨橙多倍体及梨橙单胚种子杂种性的报道。本研究以梨橙为材料,开展多倍体发掘和遗传鉴定研究。流式细胞术筛选与染色体显微观察相结合,对其自然产生的单胚种子萌发植株进行筛选,获得了三倍体2株、四倍体1株;InDel标记分析证实这些多倍体均为有性胚产生,其纯合位点比例较高,可能产生于第二次减数分裂核复原(SDR,second meiotic division restitution)以及减数分裂后加倍(PMD,post-meiotic genome doubling);多胚/单胚分子标记(MITE-P2)分析表明,梨橙基因组DNA扩增出了清晰的短片段和模糊的长条带,可能与其能产生多胚种子有关;而3株多倍体后代均只扩增出了清晰的短条带,该3株多倍体可能不能产生多胚种子。本研究表明:梨橙后代中多倍体比例较高,通过梨橙单胚种子可获得有性多倍体,自梨橙后代获得单胚四倍体是可能的。本研究为以梨橙为亲本培育多倍体以及单胚四倍体筛选提供了重要参考。With characteristics of few seeds and high content of effective components in the fruit,dwarf habit,and strong stress resistance,polyploid plants plays an important role in crop and fruit tree breeding.Licheng is a high-quality variety bred independently in China,which produces fruits with mostly monoembryonic seeds and a few polyembryonic seeds.So far,there are no reports about the polyploidy of this variety and the heterozygosity of its monoembryonic seeds.In this study,the screening,and genetic identification and analysis of polyploidy were carried out using Licheng as material.Two triploid and one tetraploid plants were selected by flow cytometry and chromosome microscopy from seedlings grown from naturally produced monoembryo seeds.Through the analysis of polyploidy by InDel markers,it was confirmed that these polyploids were grown from sexual embryos,and the proportion of homozygous loci was high,which may be caused by second meiotic division restitution(SDR)and post-meiotic genome doubling(PMD).Polyembryonic/monoembryonic molecular marker(MITE-P2)analysis showed that the clear short fragments and fuzzy long bands obtained from the genomic DNA amplification of Licheng may be related to its ability to produce polyembryonic seeds,while the clear short bands only,obtained from the genomic DNA amplification of the three polyploid progenies,may be due to their inability to produce polyembryonic seeds.This study indicated that the proportion of polyploids in the progeny of Licheng was high,with sexual polyploids obtainable from the monoembryonic seeds of Licheng,and monoembryo tetraploids obtainable from the progeny of Licheng,which provides an important reference for breeding of polyploids and monoemnryonic tetraploids with Licheng as the parent.

关 键 词：梨橙 多倍体 INDEL 单胚 多胚 

分 类 号：S666.4[农业科学—果树学]