干热河谷地区芒果树干液流特征及其对环境因子的响应  

Characteristics of Sap Flow of Mango Trees and Its Response to Environmental Factors in the Dry-hot River Valley Region

作　　者：王升 容莹 闫妍 黄玉清 WANG Sheng;RONG Ying;YAN Yan;HUANG Yu-qing(Administration Committee of Baise National Agricultural Sci-tech Zone,Guangxi Baise 533612,China;South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangdong Guangzhou 510650,China;Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf,Ministry of Education,Nanning Normal University,Guangxi Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西百色国家农业科技园区管理委员会,广西百色533612 [2]中国科学院华南植物园,广东广州510650 [3]南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第6期1286-1295,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807012,42061063);广西自然科学基金项目(2018GXNSFBA281136);中央引导地方科技发展项目(桂科AD20238026)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示干热河谷地区芒果树蒸腾耗水规律及其对环境因子的响应,为干热河谷地区农业水资源的高效利用及芒果产业的可持续发展提供科学依据。【方法】在广西百色市利用热扩散式树干茎流计(TDP)和自动气象站,连续监测2020年4-10月的芒果树干液流及环境因子,分析液流速率的变化规律及其与太阳辐射、土壤热通量、气温、降水量和空气相对湿度等环境因子的相关性。【结果】不同月份芒果树干液流速率的日变化总体上呈"几"字型曲线,在晴天为单峰型,液流启动早,停止晚,速率高;在阴雨天为多峰型,液流启动晚,停止早,速率低;不同月份芒果树干液流速率曲线斜率均呈现相同的变化规律;树干液流峰值延续时间和月耗水量均表现为夏季高于春季和秋季。相关分析结果表明,液流速率与太阳辐射强度、土壤热通量、气温和水气压差呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),与相对湿度呈极显著负相关,且晴天条件下液流速率与各环境因子的相关性强于阴雨天。液流速率峰值出现均早于于太阳辐射峰值、气温峰值和水气压差峰值;在土壤水分胁迫时,液流速率的日变化曲线为双峰型,且全天维持在较低水平,而在土壤水分充足时,液流速率为较宽的单峰曲线,维持较高液流速率的时间较长。【结论】芒果树干液流速率具有明显的季节变化规律,其昼夜变化呈现单峰曲线,夏季蒸腾耗水量大于春季和秋季;树干液流速率的变化率可用于定量判断液流启动和峰值出现时刻及峰值持续时间,不同月份树干液流速率的变化率呈现相同的变化规律,树干液流峰值延续时间和耗水量均表现为夏季高于春季和秋季。【Objective】In order to improve agricultural water use efficiency and sustainable development of mango industry,this study aims to investigate the water consumption characteristics of mango and its response to environmental factors in the dry-hot river valley region of southwestern China.【Method】To reveal the relationship between sap flow rate and and environmental factors(include sun radiation,soil heat flux,air temperature,rainfall,and relative humidity),the xylem sap flow of mango trees in the field of Baise in Guangxi was monitored using Granier-type thermal dissipation probes(TDP),and meteorological variables were observed during the 2020 growth season(from April to October),simultaneously.【Result】The curve of daily variation of sap flow was unimodal in general,and it was unimodal and multimodal in sunny and rainy days,respectively.The sap flow started more early and stopped more lately in sunny days than in rainy days,and the daily sap flow was larger in sunny days than in rainy days.The diurnal patterns of change rates of sap flow rate of mango were the same in different months.The duration of the peak of sap flow rate and the monthly water consumption are all higher in summer than in spring and autumn.The sap flow rates had extremely significant positive correlation with solar radiation,soil heat flux,vapor pressure deficit and air temperature(P<0.01,the same below),and had extremely significant negative correlation with relative humidity.The correlation of sap-flow rate on environmental factors on the sunny day was more significant than on the rainy day.In addition,the peak of diurnal sap flow generally preceded solar radiation,vapor pressure deficit and air temperature.Under soil water stress,the daily variation curve of liquid flow rate was bimodal,and was retained at low rates over a whole day.When the soil water supply was sufficient,the liquid flow rate was a wide single peak curve,and the time to maintain the higher liquid flow rate was longer.【Conclusion】The sap flow rate of mango t

关 键 词：芒果 干热河谷 树干液流 土壤含水量 热扩散式树干茎流计 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]