西部山区某矿开采扰动下地形变化特征及致灾点分析  

Analysis of Terrain Change Characteristics and Disaster Causing Points under Mining Disturbance in Western Mountainous Area

作　　者：席宝顺 高银贵 杨斌 李亮[1] 孔皖军 XI Baoshun;GAO Yingui;YANG Bin;LI Liang;KONG Wanjun(School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Ordos Zhongbei Coal Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 017000,China;Ningxia Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Yinchuan 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]鄂尔多斯市中北煤化工有限公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [3]宁夏回族自治区地球物理地球化学勘查院,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《金属矿山》2021年第7期172-178,共7页Metal Mine

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划项目(编号:2020BFG0300);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51604266)。

摘　　要：开采后地形变化是煤炭生产面临的现实问题,东部平原地区的开采沉陷问题已经得到了较为细致的研究,但西部山区受地形因素影响,如何准确地获取沉陷数据及地表变化规律仍需进一步探讨。为确定开采扰动下山区地形变化规律,为矿区地质灾害防治提供技术支撑,以西部山区某矿工作面开采扰动区为例,首先利用无人机快速获取研究区域数字影像,生成多期数字高程模型(DEM),得到测区下沉盆地,研究地表随工作面开采的沉陷情况。然后利用DEM提取研究区域的坡度、坡向和起伏度信息,得到该工作面开采前后的地形整体变化情况。研究表明:研究区地表变化受地下采煤活动影响明显,具体表现为工作面开采过后,坡度整体变缓,起伏度减小,随着后续工作面的开采,坡度和起伏度均有所变大,但是变化较小。利用坡度变化这一特征获取地下开采导致的地表致灾点,结合原始高程、原始坡度和开采沉陷情况分析致灾点的分布形态,发现致灾点多位于海拔较高、原始坡度较小、植被覆盖率较低的沟谷、道路两侧,通过分析致灾点的位置可为矿区后续边坡治理、道路养护与土地复垦提供技术参考。The terrain change after mining is a practical problem faced by coal production,the mining subsidence in eastern plain area has been studied in detail.However,due to the influence of terrain factors in western mountainous area,how to accurately obtain the subsidence data and the law of surface change still need to be further discussed.In order to determine the law of terrain change in mountainous area under mining disturbance and provide technical support for geological disaster prevention and control in mining area,this paper takes the mining disturbance area of a mining face in western mountainous area as an example.Firstly,rapidly obtain the digital image of the research area by UAV,generate multi-phase digital elevation model(DEM),get the subsidence basin of the survey area,and study the subsidence of the surface with the mining face.Then,DEM is used to extract the slope,aspect and relief information of the study area,and the overall change of the terrain before and after mining is obtained.The analysis results show that:the surface change in the study area is obviously affected by underground mining activities,specifically for the working face after mining,the overall slope becomes gentle,and the undulation decreases.With the mining of the subsequent working face,the slope and undulation increase,but the change is small.Using the characteristics of slope change to obtain the surface disaster causing points caused by underground mining,combined with the original elevation,original slope and mining subsidence,the distribution of disaster causing points is analyzed.It is found that the disaster causing points are mostly located on both sides of valleys and roads with higher altitude,smaller original slope and lower vegetation coverage.Through the analysis of the location of disaster causing points can provide technical reference for the follow-up slope treatment,road maintenance and land reclamation in the mining area.

关 键 词：开采沉陷 数字高程模型 无人机 地形特征 致灾点 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]