中古时期黄道十二宫在中国的传播和汉化  

The Circulation and Sinicization of the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac in the Medieval China

作　　者：宋神秘 SONG Shenmi(School of Science,Technology and Humanities,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学科技人文研究院,上海201203

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2021年第2期189-199,共11页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“汉唐时期沿丝路传播的天文学研究”(项目编号:17ZDA182);2019年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“明末以前的传世星命学著作研究:以《四库全书》和《古今图书集成》为主”(项目编号:19YJCZH137)。

摘　　要：自三国至明代,黄道十二宫在中古中国广泛传播,留下了许多图像和文字记载,文献类别多样,有佛道教经文和画像、数术图文、医书、天文历法著作和类书、诗词等,它的功能包括用作坐标体系、推算吉凶祸福、供人祈祷攘灾、代表天象,而计量天象详细位置或历法的功能被二十八宿代替。其名称和图像基本与西方的内涵一致,但阴阳和双女两宫在传播过程中形成了不同的汉化名称和图像。西方黄道十二宫以白羊宫为首、逆行次序、日月分类、阴阳分类与七曜配属的特征在中国有一定程度的保留,并与中国地支、星次、地域分野、方位等进行多样化的嫁接。From the Three Kingdoms Times to the Ming dynasty,the twelve signs of the zodiac spread widely in the Medieval China,and left many records in images and words.The various literature includes scriptures and figures of Buddhism and Taoism,diagrams and texts of divination,medical texts,astronomical and calendrical books,and encyclopedias and poetry.Those signs functioned as coordinate systems,predictors of good or evil,objects of sacrifice and images in the heaven,but their role to calculate the elaborate locations and times of the heavenly bodies was taken over by the Twenty-eight Lodges.The names and images of the twelve signs basically stayed in accordance with those in the West,but Gemini and Virgo received their Sinicized names and images in circulation.The first sign,the order of the signs,the two catalogues of the solar and the lunar as well as of the feminine and the masculine,and the correspondence to the seven luminaries,these characteristics in the Western twelve signs had been kept in China to some extent,combined with the Chinese Earthly Branches,the astral districts,the geographical split-fields and directions in various ways.

关 键 词：黄道十二宫 佛教 道教 星占 星神 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P1[天文地球—天文学]