新型冠状病毒进入细胞抑制剂的研究进展  

Progress on SARS-CoV-2 cell entry inhibitors

作　　者：龙昕雁 罗荣华[1] 郑永唐[1] LONG Xin-yan;LUO Rong-hua;ZHENG Yong-tang(Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,中国科学院动物模型与人类疾病机理重点实验室,云南昆明650223 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国药理学通报》2021年第8期1037-1041,共5页Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(No 2020YFC0842000)。

摘　　要：新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是导致新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)大流行的病原体。当前对SARS-CoV-2的生命周期尚不完全清楚,至今只有瑞德西韦一种抗病毒药物获得美国FDA批准用于COVID-19的临床治疗。虽然已有多种新冠疫苗上市,但不断出现的病毒突变株影响了疫苗的有效性,导致疫苗的持久性及安全性需进一步评估。因此,药物治疗及预防仍是应对新冠疫情的有效方式。通过综合现有文献对SARS-CoV-2进入细胞的分子机制进行简要总结,确定这一病毒主要通过两种途径进入细胞:病毒与细胞膜发生膜融合后进入细胞或与内体发生膜融合后进入细胞。此外,通过对已报道的SARS-CoV-2进入细胞抑制剂进行总结,并根据抑制剂起效的靶点对抑制剂进行分类,期望为抗SARS-CoV-2药物的后续研究及临床应用提供参考依据。Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic.The life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 is not clear,which is one of the reasons that only Remdesivir has been approved by FDA for treating COVID-19.Although some new vaccines have been available,the quick mutations of SARS-CoV-2 affect the effectiveness of vaccines,calling for further assessment of the persistence and safety of vaccines.Therefore,drug treatment and prevention are still effective ways to deal with the epidemic of SARS-CoV-2.The article briefly summarizes the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 entry based on the existing literature.This virus enters the cell through two main ways,that is,spike protein mediating membrane fusion with plasma membrane or endosome membrane.According to the targets,the article summarizes the reported inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells,aiming to provide a reference for following research and clinical application of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 进入抑制剂 刺突蛋白 血管紧张素转化酶2 跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶2 组织蛋白酶 

分 类 号：R341[医药卫生—基础医学] R345