地铁列车典型地板饰面材料燃烧危险性研究  

Research on combustion risk analysis of typical floor decoration materials in metro compartment

作　　者：段嘉豪 杨玲[1] 史聪灵[2] 李建[2] DUAN Jia-hao;YANG Ling;SHI Cong-ling;LI Jian(College of Management Engineering,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100071,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transport Safety,China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学管理工程学院,北京100071 [2]中国安全生产科学研究院,地铁火灾与客流疏运安全北京市重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2021年第7期1017-1019,共3页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52074247);中国安科院基本科研业务专项(2020JBKY02);国家万人计划项目(WRJH201801)。

摘　　要：为了对地铁车厢内典型地板饰面材料的特性进行全方位的表征和分析,采用锥形量热仪测得了材料燃烧过程中热释放速率、总热释放量、CO与CO_(2)释放速率以及总烟释放量等参数。通过热重-红外联用仪使其材料在程序控温条件下进行热解,获得了不同温度下材料热解过程的红外吸收光谱图。使用场发射扫描电镜仪对其材料燃烧完成后残渣的形貌结构进行了表征。实验结果表明:材料在燃烧过程中生成了阻燃炭层结构,在一定时间内起到了隔热、隔氧的作用,延缓了燃烧反应;材料在8 min内燃烧反应完全,一旦发生火灾,所产生的热危害和烟危害较大;材料热解过程可分为4个阶段,从350℃开始热解,于440℃达到热解高峰期,产生大量的H_(2)O、CH_(4)和芳香族化合物。In order to carry out all-round characterization and analysis of the characteristics of typical floor decoration materials in metro compartment,cone calorimeter is used to measure the heat release rate,total heat release,CO and CO_(2) release rate,and total smoke release rate during the material combustion process.The material is pyrolyzed under programmed temperature control by a thermogravimetry-infrared combined instrument,and the infrared absorption spectra of the material pyrolysis process at different temperatures are obtained.A field emission scanning electron microscope is used to characterize the morphology and structure of the residue after the material is burnt.Experimental results indicate that the material forms a flame-retardant carbon layer structure during the combustion process,which plays a role of heat insulation and oxygen insulation within a certain period of time,and delays the combustion reaction;the material burns completely within 8 minutes.Once a fire occurs,the heat hazard and smoke hazard are greater;The pyrolysis process can be divided into 4 stages;the material starts to decompose at 350℃ and reaches the peak of pyrolysis at 440℃,producing a large amount of H_(2)O,CH_(4) and aromatic compounds.

关 键 词：地板饰面材料 热解特性 燃烧特性 火灾危险性 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] U231.96[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]